Método de diagnóstico para gestão participativa de recursos hídricos: estudo de caso e modelagem conceitual com enfoque DPSIR
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2012-08-24
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Several studies emphasize the greater effectiveness of participatory environmental management of water resources. This requires that social actors have the necessary conditions to participate in the debates, evaluate the general demands and make informed and negotiated decisions. Concept maps are adequate tools to formalize relevant knowledge, scientific and popular, facilitate the creation of a common understanding, strengthening negotiations in the processes of decision making and have been used in various ways in the management of water resources. The conceptual framework DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, state, impacts, responses) was used to guide the collection of structured information from the conceptual map, evidencing relations between the state of the environment and the pressures to which it is submitted. The overall objective is to contribute to the participative management of river basins, through the modeling of conceptual maps oriented by the DPSIR conceptual framework, starting from an qualitative environmental diagnostic, and for that it is based on a Case Study in the sub-basin of the Rio das Almas, in Pirenópolis, GO. The qualitative socio-environmental diagnosis followed a Case Study methodology from the Social Sciences. Sought to answer the question: "What are the main uses of the basin and their impacts on the conservation status of the Rio das Almas and how this comes to compromise the multiple use of water"? Three techniques were evaluated as adaptable to environmental research: investigation of environmental change over time, starting from semi-structured interviews; assessment of the current state of conservation through Rapid Assessment Protocols, as part of the technique of systematic observation; quantitative analysis of water quality data. The analysis of the results under the DPSIR focus subsidized thematic maps at the end of each section, which compositionally formed the total conceptual map. The conservation of the Rio das Almas sub-basin is good, but not homogeneous, and has been changing over the decades, as suggests all the evidence. The main impacts in the basin are mischaracterization of margins, siltation and reduction of wells and recreation sites, with lower use value by local population. With regard to water, it has been detected high concentrations of thermo tolerant coliforms, low oxygen concentration and the unviability of fishing. It was concluded that the techniques chosen complemented themselves positively. The complex diagnostic map presented here gathers within itself all the results of the Case Study. The use of concept maps in the process of data reduction allows visual identification of themes and patterns, as observed in the cultural patterns for water use observed in Pirenópolis. It was found that the DPSIR increases the effectiveness in using the concept maps, making them more robust and relevant since: it guides and supports the selection of elements to be included in the conceptual map; directs the map to a wide and complex chain of causality; shows the visualization of where and how the human dimension integrates and interferes on the state of the ecosystem. All in all, it makes the construction of conceptual maps more objective, targeting the direct application in the exercise of participatory management.
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CALDAS, A. L. R. Método de diagnóstico para gestão participativa de recursos hídricos: estudo de caso e modelagem conceitual com enfoque DPSIR. 2012. 179 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.