Perfil produtivo da pecuária e situação epidemiológica da tuberculose em fêmeas bovinas adultas no estado de Goiás
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2016-04-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The bovine tuberculosis, a worldwide anthropozoonosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a disease of chronic evolution that affects mainly cattle and buffalo and is characterized by the progressive development of nodular lesions called tubercles. Considering that this disease brings economic losses to livestock and impacts public health, this study was carried out to characterize the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in adult cows in the State of Goias, evaluating its prevalence, regional distribution, and interaction of risk factors related to the disease, to provide data for more efficient surveillance activities for the detection and sanitation of residual foci. A descriptive cross-sectional study was also conducted to characterize the productive profile of Goias’ herds and identify management practices related to impacts on public health. The State was divided in three regions, according to the main characteristic of cattle in each region, categorized as beef, milk and mixed. In each stratum 300 farms were randomly sampled , after having the producer`s agreement. A predetermined number of animals was drawn depending on the amount of females over 24 months of age therein. The randomly selected animals underwent tuberculin by comparative cervical technique. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied in each property, to check health and management practices that could be associated with the risk of infection by the disease. The descriptive analysis showed that most of Goias’ dairy herds have no defined breed, have a low productivity, attained by manual daily milking. In terms of public health, there are still worrying rates of consumption and sale of raw milk and dairy products, as well as the disposal of breeders in slaughterhouses without official sanitary inspection. 18,659 animals from 900 farms were tested. No animal reagent to the test was detected in region 1. For region 2, the herd prevalence was 8.67% [5.73-12.74%], and the animal prevalence was 0.9% [0.21-1.58%]. For region 3, the herd prevalence was 1.00% [0.21-2.89] and the animal prevalence was 0.30% [0.10-0.49%]. For the whole state, the herd prevalence was 3.43% [2.20-4.67%], and the animal prevalence 0.30% [0.10-0.49%]. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection after univariate and multivariate analysis were: location of the property in region 2 (OR = 12.05 [3.52-41.28]), milking two or three times a day (OR = 6.27 [2.72 to 14.44]). The veterinary assistance was presented as a protective factor (OR = 0.38 [0.15-0.94]). In conclusion, tuberculosis has a low prevalence in adult cows in the State of Goias and it is more prevalent in the south and southeast region of the State, where dairy farms are concentrated. The low prevalence verified favors the implantation of an eradication program, with the adoption of an active surveillance system considering the risk factors.
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ROCHA, W. V. Perfil produtivo da pecuária e situação epidemiológica da tuberculose em fêmeas bovinas adultas no estado de Goiás. 2016. 105 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Animal) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.