Instituição da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia – Goiás (1980-2010): configuração e interações espaciais entre os municípios
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2017-05-16
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The goal of this research is to study territorial organization, growth and urban expansion of Goiânia’s metropolitan region, verified in the last three decades (1980-2010) and its insertion on the metropolization context. The detailed investigation process focused mainly on researching and analyzing relevant transformation occurred in the structural formation of the metropolitan territory and the spatial interactions among the region’s municipalities, by trying to relate them with the process of urbanization and metropolization. Initially we sought to approach the formation and territorial structure of Goiás and its urban dynamics of population distribution and economy. Beginning from 1980’s, there is a strong influence of the metropolitan phenomenon in Goiás, where metropolitan counties start to grow around Goiânia and Brasília composing urban agglomerations that started to represent the main spatialities of the state. Immediately, for a better characterization of the object of this study, we formulated a description and analysis of Goiânia’s Metropolitan Region (RMG) by investigating the formation process of Goiânia’s Urban Agglomerate, even the creation and institutionalization of RMG focusing on the region’s metropolitan expansion and its recent alterations based on the analysis of urban-metropolitan growth vectors. Next we approached and discussed the structuring of RMG beginning from its road system and metropolitan public transport network as form structuring elements and metropolitan integration with the intention of verifying its particular way of developing. Finally we performed the study of the cities and spatial interactions in RMG to demonstrate the metropolitan spatial configuration as a disaggregated form of territorial unity. Therefore, we observed the metropolis and all the cities that compose it and form a network of integrated cities under the theoretical perspective of the “geographical theory of cities' (PUMAIN, 2006, 2011) by considering the geographical differences of its cities, relative
to population and work dimension as well as pendular mobility of the metropolitan population, which are established in other hierarchical multi directional articulations in the metropolitan territory. After the analysis of the metropolitan expansion vectors, it was then proved the hypothesis that the growth of Goiânia’s metropolitan region does not occur homogeneously and it presents its own differentiated dynamics, distinct from the classic homogeneous model of center-suburbs that predominated up until Goiânia’s metropolization. The study showed that there are, in fact, new urban-metropolitan processes and they are in conformity with recent urbanization processes, similar to what occurs in other urban agglomerations in Brazil and around the world. These new processes are more evident in the south vector of metropolis expansion, where new types of centrality production can be verified, with the combined presence of continuous and dispersed cores; formed by service equipment, closed vertical and horizontal condominiums and in other vectors, ecological condominiums, recreational small farms dispersed around the region - representing a metropolization - at the same time related to concentration and dispersion. The metropolitan spatial configuration is centered in the metropolis - Goiânia - and it has a striking part in the structuring of metropolitan interdependence logic, revealing a spatial pattern centralized in Goiânia, hierarchical and conurbated. In spite of the strong concentration on the capital, when territorial and spatial organization of Goiânia’s metropolitan subsystem is analysed, from a network of cities, by people’s everyday mobility, it was observed another hierarchical articulation in the metropolitan space, multi directional, in which cities inter relations, by pendular flows (2000/2010) are bidirectional, in part multilateral and semi reticular, transforming itself in a less hierarchical and flexible, yet more complex metropolitan subsystem.
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CUNHA, D. F. Instituição da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia – Goiás (1980-2010): configuração e interações espaciais entre os municípios. 2017. 283 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.