Impactos do espraiamento urbano e relações metropolitanas no sistema de transporte coletivo: estudo de caso na região metropolitana de Goiânia
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2018-05-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The urbanization process of the Brazilian metropolitan regions has not been sustainable. These areas are characterized for its dichotomic central-peripheral model of city expansion, in which the intense conurbation and dependence among its municipalities allow intermunicipal commuting to happen. The latter usually happen through mass transit buses, which circulate without priority infrastructure and low passenger turnover. In the peripheral municipalities, urban occupation has happened in a scattered way, which turns infrastructure provision more expensive in these areas, and, because of that, scarcer, something that also undermines the efficiency of public transportation. A modal of transportation is needed between not too dense urban occupations, with a small amount of passengers, regularly traversing urban voids. Considering this background, this research aims at characterizing the impacts that the urban sprawl and the metropolitan relations cause into the mass transit, through a case study about selected municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia. In order to achieve this goal, indicators of quality and efficiency were selected to evaluate the mass transit system in two different dates, 2010 and 2017, when the system of mass transit that meets the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia present distinct settings to serve the metropolitan population, which, in this time interval, grew in a scattered and expanded manner in the peripheral municipalities. The proposed analysis aims at allying the results shown by the indicators to the urban spot spatial growth of the selected peripheral municipalities, and the spatial setting that the system presents in both dates. The results demonstrate that the intermunicipal commuting and the low density of intramunicipal passengers impair the economic efficiency of the system, causing economic impacts, while the excessive distance, which characterizes the commuting, and the frequency of intramunicipal bus lines impair this system quality, causing social impacts. The methodological procedure has proved itself adequate for the identification and registration of the case under investigation, and it may contribute to a better comprehension of the metropolitan relations, for the urban occupation resultant of these relations and from the displacements generated by such relationships. The conclusion of this work demonstrates a strong need for decentralization of the socio-economic activities in the MRG (Metropolitan Region of Goiânia) and for politics that may promote mass transit in this region.
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PIRES, A. C. F. Impactos do espraiamento urbano e relações metropolitanas no sistema de transporte coletivo: estudo de caso na região metropolitana de Goiânia. 2018. 216 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Projeto e Cidade) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.