Biomecânica do comportamento alimentar de girinos de anfíbios anuros
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2016-03-22
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Individuals of the same species have morphological, physiological and behavioral
characteristics that determine when and where they will exist and how they will interact
with individuals of other species. The ecomorphological diversity of anuran tadpoles
make them great study subjects, as the resources use patterns (ecology) and the
phylogenetic relationships among species can be inferred from the phenotypic
properties. The influence of contemporary factors on the structure of tadpoles
communities has been intensively studied for decades, but the use patterns and
partitioning of food resources, have not received the same attention from researchers.
Little is known about the ecology and feeding behavior of tadpoles, including its
biomechanics, the influence of abiotic factors on feeding behavior, as well as the
behavioral plasticity exhibited by tadpoles in the exploitation of food resources. These
issues were investigated during the PhD and the results of the work developed during
the course of this period are presented in this Dissertation In the first chapter, we
verified whether the carnivorous tadpole of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus would adjust
their feeding kinematics to maximize food consumption when feeding on alternative
food sources. Our results indicate that, depending on the food source to be explored, the
tadpoles may exhibit different feeding behavior: to consume the food particles
suspended in the water surface, the tadpoles exhibit the filter-feeding behavior; in
contrast, to consume food particles that are attached to submerse surfaces, tadpoles use
the scrape feeding behavior. Filtering and scraping feeding behaviors are quantitative
and qualitatively distincts, i.e. these feeding behaviors kinematics and the shape of the
oral disc during feeding show distinguishable features. In the second chapter, we tested
the hypothesis that changes in the water mean temperature would have differential
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effects on the feeding kinematics of tadpoles of two anuran species: Rhinella schneideri,
whose tadpoles are benthic, and Trachycephalus typhonius, whose tadpoles are
nektonic. Our results indicate that the temperature affects the kinematics of the scrape
feeding behavior. However, the temperature effect on kinematics variables may depend
on the species, so the changes are not in the same direction (i.e. temperature may have a
positive effect on some kinematic variables but negative effects on others). Finally, in
the third chapter, our aim was to verify whether the ecological and morphological
influences on feeding behavior reflect the phylogenetic relationship among species.
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SOUSA, V. T. T. Biomecânica do comportamento alimentar de girinos de anfíbios anuros. 2016. 106 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.