Aspectos clínicos e de neurodesenvolvimento em uma coorte de crianças potencialmente expostas ao Zika vírus na gestação, em Goiás

Abstract

Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is on the World Health Organization's list of priority emerging diseases due to its potential to cause severe congenital infections and long-term development deficits in asymptomatic neonates. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the neuropsychomotor development of a cohort of 111 children potentially exposed in utero to ZIKV. Method: This is a cohort of children of pregnant women with exanthematic disease and potentially exposed to ZIKV laboratory-confirmed by molecular and/or serological tests and children with dysmorphias suggestive of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), in the State of Goiás, in the period from 2016 to 2020, followed in reference services for high-risk pregnancy, which were measured anthropometric parameters, morphological and functional alterations were investigated and submitted to clinical evaluation and neurobehavioral development with application of the Bayley III neurodevelopmental scale Results: We followed 86 children, 58 mothers with positive tests for prenatal ZIKV and 14 children with dysmorphias suggestive of CZS. Of these, in 52, the Bayley III tests were applied, an instrument for evaluating child development from 2017 to 2020. The absolute risk of microcephaly among children whose mothers were confirmed and suspected with ZIKV was 5.4%. 15.5% of children of pregnant women suspected or confirmed from ZIKV exposure had some dysmorphia related to CZS. We observed the occurrence of 86.5% delay in at least one of the Bayley III domains and in children without microcephaly were delays in the cognitive domain 12.8%, language 33.3% motor domain 25.6%, socioemotional domain 17.9% and global adaptive behavior 76.9%. Conclusion: Symptomatic and children apparently asymptomatic, had some degree of delay or dysfunction, and should be accompanied by specialized teams since follow-up with appropriate interventions can minimize sequelae and correct deviations from normality.