Levantamento populacional de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e de fitonematoides em áreas produtoras de algodão no estado de Goiás
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2015-08-28
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Different management strategies are necessary for the control of plant nematodes. The arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been an option as potential microorganisms for biological control.
There is a demand of ways to manage plant parasitic nematode with less environmental impact and
lower cost. Thus, the aim of this study was to survey nematodes and AMF in cotton producing
areas in the state of Goiás and evaluate the interaction between AMF and nematodes, and relate
their populations to the physical and chemical soil traits. The survey was conducted during two
crop seasons (June/2013 and February/2014) in ten cotton producing areas. Three samples
composed of ten subsamples were collected in each area. Soil and roots were collected in the depth
of 0 to 20 cm. For quantification and identification of AMF and nematodes soil and root analysis
were carried out in the laboratory. There was also the analysis of physical and chemical soil
properties. For data analysis we used the Pearson correlation coefficient, principal component
analysis (PCA) and the diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Margalef. In all
sampled areas was observed occurrence of nematodes, the main genera being Meloidogyne,
Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Aphelenchus and Criconemoide. The
Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus genres presented higher abundance in the two years of study,
followed by Meloidogyne. The major cause of cotton damage, Rotylenchulus sp. was not observed
in 80% of the sampled areas, with presence only in two areas in the first crop season (2013).
Different AMF species were found, being the main genre Glomus, with most species. AMF were
distributed evenly among the evaluated areas and in the two crop seasons. The correlation between
Aphelenchus species and AMF Cetraspora pellucida was positive, as well as between
Meloidogyne and Glomus sp. On the contrary, the correlation between G. macrocarpum and
Pratylenchus was negative. The largest quantity of organic matter negatively affected
Helicotylenchus sp. and positively the AMF R. intraradices. The higher phosphorus content
influenced positively the population of Glomus sp. Areas cultivated with cotton in the state of
Goiás with greater presence of AMF have a lower number of nematodes in the soil and roots.
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FERREIRA, B. S. Levantamento populacional de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e de fitonematoides em áreas produtoras de algodão no estado de Goiás. 2015. 59 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.