Ocorrência de alergia a proteína do leite de vaca não IgE mediada em lactentes que receberam probióticos (Lactoba cillus acidophilusNCFM) e placebo.

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly in recent years, with food allergies, particularly cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), standing out in this scenario. The existence of an "atopic march" is known, referring to a sequence of allergic diseases that develop throughout life and are believed to share some pathophysiological mechanisms. The most recent studies link the genesis of these diseases to an imbalance in the gut microbiome, resulting in a "microflora of allergic disease". Objective: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on the occurrence of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy in infants. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated infants who participated in a previous study entitled "Effect of the use of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus) on colic in infants: a double-blind, controlled, PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE randomized clinical trial". The study population was selected from infants who participated in the initial project, with a final sample size of 37 infants. A questionnaire was administered to the parents of the 37 children included in the study. Data were collected using specific questionnaires and analyzed using IBM® SPSS Statistics version 20 software (Armonk, New York). Results: The relative risk of developing non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) was 0.33 in the group that received the probiotic (95% CI 0.04 - 2.66), without statistical significance. Conclusion: A tendency to develop non-IgE-mediated CMPA was observed in infants who received a placebo. Lactobacillus acidophilus may modulate the allergic immune response by enhancing intestinal barrier function, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines, and promoting a more tolerogenic microbiome.