Análise do potencial geoturístico das Fronhas Maranhenses, no Município de Raposa, Maranhão, Brasil

Abstract

Geodiversity, as an expression of the abiotic elements of the landscape, has emerged as a relevant analytical category within geographical sciences, particularly when linked to geotourism as a practice of territorial valorisation and conservation. Although conventional tourism continues to dominate public policy and social perception, there is growing interest in modalities that recognise geological, geomorphological and sedimentary features as essential components of natural and cultural heritage. Within this context, the research explores the geotouristic potential of the Fronhas Maranhenses, located in the municipality of Raposa (MA), on Upaon-Açu Island—a region characterised by high geoenvironmental and symbolic diversity. The central research question is: what is the geotouristic potential of the Fronhas Maranhenses as a site of scientific, ecological and cultural significance? The general objective is to analyse the coastal geodiversity of the area, proposing sustainable strategies for territorial valorisation. Specific objectives include the physical-natural characterisation of the region; identification of relevant abiotic elements; assessment of spatial transformations resulting from anthropic activity; inventory and quantification of geosites; and the formulation of territorial planning guidelines aimed at geoconservation. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach was adopted, based on methodological triangulation involving bibliographic review, cartographic analysis, fieldwork and systematic geosite inventory according to Brilha’s (2005) criteria. Six geosites were identified: Mangrove, Paciência River, Beach, Dune Field, Coca-Cola Lagoon and Grilo Lagoon. Quantitative analysis revealed that three of these possess national relevance, with particular emphasis on the Dune Field and Grilo Lagoon, which exhibit high scenic beauty, geomorphological diversity and strong potential for geoconservation and environmental education. The findings indicate that the Fronhas Maranhenses constitute a territory of considerable geoenvironmental complexity, where natural processes and cultural practices are deeply intertwined. Critical analysis reinforces that geotourism, when guided by an ethics of place and the valorisation of traditional knowledge, can serve as a transformative territorial instrument, promoting environmental justice, identity strengthening and sustainable development. In line with Tuan’s (1977) phenomenological approach, the study reaffirms that territory transcends its physical dimension, becoming a space of meanings, relationships and possibilities. Tourism, in this context, should be conceived as a practice of valuing life, science and culture rather than mere economic exploitation. It is within this horizon that the future of the Fronhas Maranhenses and the municipality of Raposa is inscribed.