Mestrado em Geografia (IESA)

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttp://200.137.215.59/tede/handle/tde/280

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Análise do potencial geoturístico das Fronhas Maranhenses, no Município de Raposa, Maranhão, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-10-20) Ferreira, Josêani Sousa dos Santos; Sarges, Roseane Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737447758598999; Lima, Claudia Valéria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929601393924549; Lima, Claudia Valeria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737447758598999; Tibirica, Luciana Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5363836341109161; Salgado, Andre Augusto Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9312637835274211
Geodiversity, as an expression of the abiotic elements of the landscape, has emerged as a relevant analytical category within geographical sciences, particularly when linked to geotourism as a practice of territorial valorisation and conservation. Although conventional tourism continues to dominate public policy and social perception, there is growing interest in modalities that recognise geological, geomorphological and sedimentary features as essential components of natural and cultural heritage. Within this context, the research explores the geotouristic potential of the Fronhas Maranhenses, located in the municipality of Raposa (MA), on Upaon-Açu Island—a region characterised by high geoenvironmental and symbolic diversity. The central research question is: what is the geotouristic potential of the Fronhas Maranhenses as a site of scientific, ecological and cultural significance? The general objective is to analyse the coastal geodiversity of the area, proposing sustainable strategies for territorial valorisation. Specific objectives include the physical-natural characterisation of the region; identification of relevant abiotic elements; assessment of spatial transformations resulting from anthropic activity; inventory and quantification of geosites; and the formulation of territorial planning guidelines aimed at geoconservation. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach was adopted, based on methodological triangulation involving bibliographic review, cartographic analysis, fieldwork and systematic geosite inventory according to Brilha’s (2005) criteria. Six geosites were identified: Mangrove, Paciência River, Beach, Dune Field, Coca-Cola Lagoon and Grilo Lagoon. Quantitative analysis revealed that three of these possess national relevance, with particular emphasis on the Dune Field and Grilo Lagoon, which exhibit high scenic beauty, geomorphological diversity and strong potential for geoconservation and environmental education. The findings indicate that the Fronhas Maranhenses constitute a territory of considerable geoenvironmental complexity, where natural processes and cultural practices are deeply intertwined. Critical analysis reinforces that geotourism, when guided by an ethics of place and the valorisation of traditional knowledge, can serve as a transformative territorial instrument, promoting environmental justice, identity strengthening and sustainable development. In line with Tuan’s (1977) phenomenological approach, the study reaffirms that territory transcends its physical dimension, becoming a space of meanings, relationships and possibilities. Tourism, in this context, should be conceived as a practice of valuing life, science and culture rather than mere economic exploitation. It is within this horizon that the future of the Fronhas Maranhenses and the municipality of Raposa is inscribed.
Estudo de áreas úmidas de campos de murundus sob impacto de projeto de irrigação no noroeste goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-10-17) Ferreira, Rafael Gustavo Gonçalves dos Anjos Brito; Sales, Jepherson Correia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3851725882820009; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4172719252263913; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589
This research investigated Mound Field Wetlands next to an area where the Projeto de Irrigação Luiz Alves do Araguia (PILAA) irrigation project was installed using remote sensing and Random Forest algorithms. The region of interest of the study was the Parque Estadual do Araguaia and stages 2 and 3 of the PILAA, as representative areas of different degrees of anthropization. The first step on the research was making a bibliometric review about mound fields on Web of Science, Scopus and Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) databases. This stage aimed to understand the current state of general research about these wetlands in Brazil, as well as identify gaps in knowledge to be addressed. During this stage 97 scientific papers and 21 post graduate research projects were analysed. The paper publications were scarce in the first decades, however there was a significant increase in publication numbers from 2010 onward. A prevalence of the Biological Sciences was identified on the examined papers, with a notable sub representative number of them being connected to the Earth Sciences. Most of the inspected works also had some relation with the Cerrado, since the biome’s name was used on many of the papers as keywords, also most of the postgraduate research was developed in institutions of the Cerrado. The second stage of this study investigated mound fields next to PILAA using Remote Sensing and Random Forest algorithms, aiming to identify the most relevant spectral indexes and classify the region of interest according to the anthropization level. 200 sample points were collected for the classification, divided in 4 classes: 1- preserved areas; 2- areas in regeneration; 3- degraded areas; 4- water. The variables for the classification were collected from Landsat 7 and 8, Sentinel 1 and 2 and ALOS, totalling 72 spectral and topographic variables , including spectral indexes generated from the passive sensors. The filtering of this data collection was done in Rstudio using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), reducing the dataset to the 5 most relevant variables. The validation for the model was done using confusion matrixes, global accuracies, Kappa index and F1-score. The RFE model gave the highest scores to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Normalized Difference Pond Index (NDPI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), emphasizing the importance of the vegetation’s and flooded areas’ spectral response on the study of these environments. The final classification model achieved a global accuracy of 84,06% (train) and 80,59% (test), with a Kappa of 0.786 and 0.739, respectively. The classification showed that most of the study area was covered by preserved areas (41,36%) and areas in regeneration (39,05%), focused in the PEA and stage 3 of PILAA. The anthropized areas (12,45%) were mostly present on the active parts of the irrigation complex and along the roads and artificial drainages. The biggest confusion made by the algorithm was between classes 1 and 2, which shows a spectral similarity among them. We concluded that Mound Field Wetlands show some resilience facing the advance of anthropic activities because of the spectral similarity found, which showed the possibility of regeneration after more moderate anthropic interventions. The good scores on the validation metrics show the possibility of generalization.
O componente físico-natural clima na geografia escolar: a potencialidade das linguagens textuais e do desenho para a aprendizagem das crianças nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-07) Costa, Annaclara Toledo Avelar da; Alves, Adriana Olivia; Alves, Adriana Olívia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2629325348519209; Barros, Juliana Ramalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3897963687114981; Queiroz, Fabiana Rodrigues Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8066926293376399
This research is consolidated at understanding how 4th-grade children from Elementary School can mobilize a geoclimatic literacy by means of the usage of languages such as short story and drawing. The main aim of this research is to analyze the potentiality of textual languages and drawing to mobilize geographic knowledge on the climate as a physical and natural component at Elementary School children’s learning process. For that matter, it was necessary to set some specific aims: (a) Understand the theoretical and methodological basis that constitute geographic knowledge in correlation with the climate, short stories and drawing on Geography teaching at Elementary School; (b) Present geographic knowledge that found geoclimatic literacy due to the learning development of Elementary School children; (c) Try out situations that favor creation and imagination through textual languages and drawing to mobilize geographic knowledge in correlation with the climate with Elementary School children; (d) Build up literate material along with the children so that they can mobilize geographic knowledge as an aim to achieve geoclimatic literacy; (e) Evaluate the mobilized geographic knowledge on the climate in the literate material built by the children from Geography teaching at Elementary School. For this purpose, we utilized the qualitative research methodology in education through the actionparticipant model, constituting the term research-teacher, once the own researcher was also the teacher who carried out the interventions in class with the children. Having that said, initially, we proposed to comprehend which are the main discussions on Geography as teaching and which relations we could obtain by dialoging with Elementary School and the study of climate as a physical and natural component. From this integration, it was possible to identify a spatial concept denominated as landscape-place to add the interaction between the climate component and the local environment where the child is part of. To start with, we tried to think about the conception of Geographic Climatology, so that we could know which are its main aspects and solidify the principles of a geoclimatic literacy during Geography classes at Elementary School groups, more specially the 4th grade for this research. Then, we proposed to study about learning mobilization on children’s geoclimatic literacy by means of the usage of short stories and drawings together, identifying how the processes of creation and imagination were developed by these school subjects. Another highlight in this research concerns to the practice process of these languages utilization during the Geography classes to achieve the geoclimatic literacy. Therefore, some proposed activities were carried out in class during the research intervention, where we could recognize the potential main aspects of this literacy through short stories and drawings. These languages were developed by the own children and analyzed over some categories to understand this knowledge progress, so that we could comprehend how these subjects acquired knowledge on the climate component by means of a geoclimatic literacy along with factors and elements from the geographic space, that is, identifying climate as a physical and natural component within the landscape-place each child belongs to. Moreover, in order to identify how this study was executed, we verified the research processes through a self-assessment that made us observe how essential it was to bring reports from the children and their families to check the comprehension about this kind of literacy.
A linguagem cartográfica na construção do pensamento geográfico: Uma proposta metodológica para o ensino dos componentes físico-naturais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-10-07) Meneguelli, Juliana Faria; Richter, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9664892428037820; Richter, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9664892428037820; Gomes, Marquiana de Freitas Vilas Boas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8733013411095807; Adriana Olivia Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2629325348519209
This research arises from the anxieties and challenges that are part of the daily routine of teaching geography in high schools in the public school system of Goiás, especially those focused on the use of cartographic language in teaching physical and natural components. The concern is to establish how cartographic language, when used in geography classes focused on physical-natural knowledge, articulates the geographical skills and reasoning necessary for the development of geographical thinking. With all the social depreciation that teachers have been suffering in recent years, especially those in the humanities, insisting on improvement is the possibility for change, because we will only have a well-educated society if those who educate do so in the best possible way. So, as a teacher-researcher, all my experience and practice in the classroom is an object of study, because it is the events of that class that will be decisive for the next classes, that is, lesson planning has to keep up with the reality of the class from lesson to lesson. Here, practice and theory are inseparable, because it is initial training together with continuing education that enables the best decision-making. The overall objective is to analyze how cartographic language contributes to the development of geographical thinking in the approach to physical-natural components for high school students. The most appropriate social research methodology is participatory action research, due to the close association that the teacher-researcher establishes with the research problem. During the research, a didactic mediation course was developed and applied in a public school during geography classes for the 3rd year of high school. This program highlighted the fieldwork proposal that took place at the Botanical Garden of Goiânia. As a result, this study presents some theoretical and methodological reflections on cartographic language and its relationship with the teaching of physical and natural components in geography, as well as the recognition that the articulation of both through cartographic language enhances the development of geographical thinking.
O ensino de Geografia na Educação de jovens e adultos: O tema cidade para a formação cidadã em Senador Canedo
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-08-07) Silva, Silvana Alves; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1374656969635983; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; Souza, Lorena Francisco de; Santos, Leovan Alves dos
Esta investigación es una invitación a una mirada sensible hacia la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA). Entre las reflexiones sobre las especificidades de esta modalidad, nos cuestionamos acerca de la enseñanza de la temática de la ciudad. Las principales preguntas orientadoras de este trabajo son: ¿Qué contenidos de la temática de la Geografía Urbana escolar pueden abordar la ciudad, contemplando mejor las vivencias de los estudiantes de la EJA y, así, contribuir de manera más eficaz a la formación ciudadana? ¿Cuáles son los enfoques geográficos sobre la ciudad que mejor se conectan con la experiencia de los estudiantes de la EJA?Las reflexiones y cuestionamientos parten de las experiencias construidas a partir del trabajo pedagógico en las instituciones educativas del municipio de Senador Canedo – GO. Tales reflexiones nos permiten pensar en una generalización en la forma de enseñar Geografía en las clases del nivel fundamental (últimos años) y en la EJA. Dicha generalización termina por desconsiderar las vivencias de los jóvenes y adultos, construyendo así una geografía escolar poco significativa. Nuestro objetivo es comprender la enseñanza de la Geografía en la EJA de Senador Canedo, considerando las potencialidades de la temática sobre la ciudad para generar aprendizajes significativos y contribuir a la formación ciudadana. Frente a este objetivo, organizamos las siguientes intenciones específicas: Conocer qué investigaciones se están realizando en Brasil sobre la EJA y la Geografía, para evaluar el estado del conocimiento sobre la EJA y la enseñanza de la Geografía, señalando posibilidades metodológicas para asociar los contenidos con las vivencias de los jóvenes y adultos; Conocer y sistematizar los contenidos sobre la ciudad en la EJA de Senador Canedo, considerando los currículos formales y los currículos practicados (orientaciones y prácticas), así como los obstáculos que dichos contenidos presentan para la formación ciudadana; Conocer los desafíos enfrentados en el desarrollo del trabajo docente en la EJA, especialmente en la enseñanza de la Geografía; Analizar temáticas de la ciudad y lo urbano abordadas por la Geografía que se conectan con la categoría trabajo, como posibilidad de asociar los contenidos con la vida cotidiana de los jóvenes y adultos; Desarrollar y ejecutar una secuencia didáctica alternativa para enseñar sobre la ciudad y la formación ciudadana en la EJA. En cuanto a los procedimientos metodológicos, esta investigación es de naturaleza cualitativa, con el desarrollo de la investigación participante. Suponemos parcialmente que, al tratar la enseñanza de la ciudad considerando las prácticas socioespaciales de estos estudiantes, la enseñanza de la ciudad para la formación ciudadana se producirá con la sustancia de un cotidiano vivido, promoviendo el desarrollo de una Geografía que instrumentalice la vivencia de los jóvenes trabajadores escolares. Con el avance de las acciones de esta investigación y la realización de las diversas actividades propuestas con los estudiantes de la EJA, percibimos que la mediación didáctica fue una acción necesaria, y por ello estuvo presente, posibilitando así la construcción de un aprendizaje significativo para los educandos de la EJA.
As políticas públicas de desenvolvimento rural e as (re)existências no reassentamento São Francisco de Assis - Porto Nacional/TO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-25) Silva, Karinne de Pina; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2930978785634948; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2930978785634948; Carneiro, Janaine Daniela Pimentel Lino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5641466582806687; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1909084450648691
Esta disertación de maestría tiene como objetivo analizar las políticas públicas para el desarrollo rural, con énfasis en dos programas: el Programa de Adquisición de Alimentos (PAA) y el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE), en el asentamiento São Francisco de Assis, ubicado en el municipio de Porto Nacional (TO), construído a partir de la obra de la Central Hidroeléctrica Lajeado (UHE) en el río Tocantins. Se propone contextualizar la dinámica territorial del reasentamiento, a partir de su proceso de implementación, analizando la relevancia de las acciones de desarrollo rural, las políticas públicas y las acciones de (Re)Existencia de sujetos que, luego de ser expulsados de su territorio de vida, enfrentan permanecer en el nuevo territorio en el que fueron reasentados. Los procedimientos metodológicos consistieron en una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, recolección de datos de fuentes secundarias, de instituciones y organismos oficiales, tales como: Compañía Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB); Instituto Nacional de Colonización y Reforma Agraria (INCRA); entre otros. También se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en formato online a algunas personas reasentadas y a un representante del MAB (Movimiento de afectados por represas). Luego de eso se realizaron tabulaciones y se redactaron textos parciales y finales. Ante esto, fue posible concluir, por medio de esta disertación, la importancia de las acciones realizadas a través de la articulación y movilización de los movimientos sociales en el campo, en particular el aporte del MAB, que contribuyó a la lucha de los campesinos por políticas de compensación, que resultó en la conquista de un nuevo territorio de vida. Las políticas públicas de desarrollo rural en realidad contribuyen a la permanencia y generación de renta de los campesinos, así como a las acciones de (Re)Existencia promovidas colectivamente por los sujetos para enfrentar los desafíos que permean el reasentamiento, como la falta de estructura y el retroceso de las políticas públicas em el período 2016 a 2022.
O jogo de tabuleiro e o conceito de lugar-território: uma contribuição para a formação continuada de professores de geografia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-01-03) Prado, Caroline Costa; Alves, Adriana Olívia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2629325348519209; Alves, Adriana Olívia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2629325348519209; Sacramento , Ana Cláudia Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9625153721149261; Moraes, Loçandra Borges de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7404910867602075
This research presents my journey in teaching Geography and my choice of a ludic methodology. During my undergraduate studies, 1 developed the board game Sextou na 44, an experience that sparked my interest in pedagogical games as a teaching language. ln my master's program, with the support of my advisor and colleagues, 1 expanded this approach, focusing on the continuous training of teachers and the creation of board games as didactic resources. The goal was to integrate theory, practice, and students' reality, addressing the challenges of teacher training and the development of geographic language. The research analyzes the potential of board games in constructing the paired concept of place-territory in the school context, raising the central question: What is the potential of these games in teacher training, from a praxis perspective, for building this concept? As teachers, it is essential to reassess teaching conceptions and the approach to continuous training, especially in how school knowledge is conveyed. The specific objectives of this study were: to understand the theoretical and methodological foundations that support teaching practices; to investigate the perception of participating teachers regarding the concept of place-territory; to develop and implement a methodological proposal based on the use of pedagogical games for constructing these concepts; to analyze the potential of games as didactic resources; and to evaluate their impact on teaching and learning. For this purpose, two educational board games were created, aiming at developing geographic thinking and connecting to the school environment. The qualitative and participatory approach involved public school teachers in Goiânia in the creation of geographic games based on the paired concept of place-territory, addressing themes such as Globalization, related to the school surroundings, and Socio-environmental Awareness, linked to the Macambira Anicuns Linear Park. Designed for 9th-grade students, the games were evaluated for student engagement and the effectiveness of the ludic approach. The study highlights geographical and spatial thinking in Geography education, integrating theory and practice through games and maps, drawing on the works of Santos (2001) and Castellar and Paula (2020). The games, developed in partnership with the teachers participating in the research, explored spaces and places familiar to students, enabling the construction of geographic knowledge. Thus, the school is seen as a transformative space, where the teacher, as a mediator, connects everyday experiences with academic knowledge, promoting interdisciplinarity, student autonomy, and the enrichment of teaching practice.
A relação sociedade-natureza em ambiente urbano: identificação de problemas ambientais na cidade de São Raimundo Nonato (PI)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-05) Amorim, Livia Bruno de Sá; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4172719252263913; Luiz, Gislaine Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310433384519387; Luiz, Gislaine Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310433384519387; Romao, Patrícia de Araujo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188184635964559; Silva, Waldirene Alves Lopes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1570438627986857
Desde la década de 1970 del siglo XX, la temática socioambiental se hace presente en las discusiones lanzadas a la sociedad (Bernardes; Ferreira, 2003). Las preocupaciones con el medio ambiente pasaron a estar presentes en el ámbito mundial y local, pues el impacto ambiental alcanza diferentes niveles escalares que, en la mayoría de los casos, afectan a aquellos menos asistidos. Con ello, tales preocupaciones ganan destaque en los grandes centros urbanos, donde la diferencia entre los grupos sociales es más visible, hecho observado en la segregación de la población menos asistida (Jacobi, 2004). Según el Informe Mundial de las Ciudades (2022), el 68% de la población mundial debe volverse urbana para 2050, advirtiendo sobre la necesidad del desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades (ONU-Hábitat, 2022). Así, abordar la relación sociedad-naturaleza en un entorno urbano es una de las temáticas para reflexionar sobre los impactos ambientales a los que las diferentes poblaciones están sujetas, independientemente del grado de desarrollo urbano. Partiendo de esta premisa, esta investigación fue desarrollada en la ciudad de São Raimundo Nonato (SRN), que es uno de los principales municipios que componen el Territorio de Desarrollo Serra da Capivara y es un punto de referencia para visitar el Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, que resguarda vestigios de que hubo habitantes prehistóricos en la región, siendo relevante para el conocimiento histórico de la humanidad y para el sector del turismo, principal del estado de Piauí. Además, la ciudad también ofrece los servicios esenciales para las ciudades vecinas, siendo considerada, por lo tanto, un punto de referencia para la región. Otro aspecto importante a ser considerado es que el municipio de SRN presenta carencia de estudios a nivel de posgrado que contribuyan con el entendimiento de la relación ocupación y los problemas ambientales. De esta forma, la investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los impactos ambientales asociados a la intervención humana en el tramo urbano del río Piauí y, para ello, se caracterizó el espacio geográfico urbano de la ciudad de São Raimundo Nonato; se identificaron los cambios en el espacio urbano a las márgenes del río Piauí, entre los años 2004 y 2023; y se analizaron los tipos de impactos ambientales existentes en el tramo de este cuerpo hídrico. El método de investigación fue el Análisis Sistémico, mediante el uso del Sistema Ambiental Urbano (S.A.U.) de Mendonça (2004). Se percibió que, a lo largo de los años, el perímetro urbano del río Piauí ha pasado por alteraciones debido a intervenciones humanas, lo que ha generado consecuencias para la propia población, principalmente en los períodos en que ocurren las lluvias en el municipio, entre los meses de noviembre y abril, momento en que ocurren inundaciones y trastornos para la población. Tal situación está asociada no solo a cuestiones naturales (relieve, suelo, vegetación, hidrografía, clima), sino también a la forma en que los sanraimundenses han hecho el uso y la ocupación del suelo, ya que es una de las ciudades piauienses que comenzó a partir de haciendas dedicadas a la cría de ganado alrededor del siglo XVIII. Los principales problemas ambientales identificados en São Raimundo Nonato (PI) están relacionados con la degradación del río Piauí, mediante la eliminación de vegetación y la ocupación desordenada de las márgenes; la contaminación por basura y aguas residuales son problemas comunes en la ciudad, a esto se suman las inundaciones, que impactan a la población, perjudicando la movilidad y el comercio, así como poniendo en riesgo la seguridad de los sanraimundenses.
Impactos ambientais e expansão urbana nas cabeceiras de drenagem do córrego catingueiro Anápolis/GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2003) Sousa do Nascimento, Adriana; Soares do Nascimento, Maria Amélia Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2070521846497913
Anápolis is an important city inland in Goiás. Its population is about 287.666habitants (According to Census 2000, IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). This city has come presenting an intensive urbanization that is associated to the economic and industrial growing, in the latest years. The sub basin of Catingueiro, established on west of the city, was chosen to this research because it is an area with a big quantity of sources of João Leite River, and it also is a region of natural preservation. The sub basin area of Catingueiro is of 114 Km² and it is between the parallel 16°14' 07" e 16° 21' 41" S and the meridians 49° 06' 34" and 48° 56' 27" W. This place of high slopping is partially occupied by residential squares of different social classes, by little industries and bots. The purpose of this research was of make a diagnoses of the environment conditions in the sub basin of Catingueiro, to identify the negative impacts and to analyze the those relationships with the urban expansion towards its sources. This work had used come types of investigation like bibliography revision, analysis of sediments, satellite images, geoprocessing, documental research and another ones. The results obtained prove that the occupation in the fountain of Catingueiro are occurring with no order and is making the negative impacts grow. Due to a low basic structure, deforestation, pollution and a big quantity of trash, this region is becoming distructured. Scores about the environment allowed knowing the characteristics the environment conditions, and social, economic and legal ones, that are the base to changes the conservation of the natural resources and restauration of they damaged areas.
Análise da dinâmica da perda de solo no município de Rio Verde-GO entre 1985 e 2022
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-04-03) Fabrício, Lorrane Vicente; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4172719252263913; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Almeida, Rherison Tyrone Silva; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between agricultural expansion and soil erosion dynamics in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, during the years 1985, 2005, and 2022. The adopted approach was based on an integrated analysis of the physical environment. In this context, an effort was made to correlate natural and anthropogenic factors in order to understand how these elements influence the emergence of erosive processes in the municipality. To estimate soil loss rates due to sheet erosion, the widely used mathematical model known as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied. For the analysis and mapping of linear erosion processes, the visual inspection method was employed using high-resolution satellite imagery. The results regarding the natural characteristics of the R, K, and LS factors revealed a high rainfall erosivity potential in the region, concentrated between the months of November and March. Soil erodibility ranged from very low to very high, with over 22.16% of the area showing very low or low levels, 72.32% classified as medium, and 5.01% as high or very high. Concerning the topographic factor, 92.46% of the area corresponded to low LS values, 6.27% to the moderate class, and only 1.27% to areas classified as high to very high. In terms of the anthropogenic variable represented by the CP factor, one of the most significant changes was the conversion of pasture areas into predominantly agricultural land. In 1985, pasture covered 36.02% of the area, while agriculture accounted for 15.89%. By 2022, pasture areas had decreased to 11.28%, whereas agricultural activities had expanded to 55.68% of the total area. After overlaying the USLE factors, three distinct results were obtained regarding estimated soil loss. A progressive increase in the medium soil loss class was observed, to the detriment of the null to moderate class. The CP factor (agriculture) proved to be one of the main drivers behind the increase in medium soil loss, as less susceptible areas were gradually converted into predominantly agricultural land over the past 37 years—areas which, under the same conditions, exhibited greater susceptibility to soil loss. Furthermore, the highest soil losses occurred in areas with elevated R, K, and LS factor values and were intensified by the CP factor (pasture). This pattern was especially evident in the southwestern region of the municipality, where the interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors significantly influences soil loss. In addition, several erosive features at different stages of development were identified, mainly associated with pasture areas that lack proper management. These areas, ranging from flat to strongly undulating relief, are predominantly composed of Dystrophic Red Latosols and Dystrophic Litholic Neosols, which exhibit medium and very high erodibility, respectively.
A rodovia e a região: a GO-164 e o processo de estruturação do Noroeste goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-17) Meira, Isabela Lorrane Santos; Castilho, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4271473426990028; Castilho, Denis; Dias, Reges Sodré da Luz Silva; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes
Transportation networks are fundamental for the structuring of regions. In Goiás, these networks have a special relation with the process of urbanization, economic development, forms of production and consumption. Based on this, the present study analyzed the role of transportation networks, with an emphasis on the GO-164, in the process of structuring the northwest of Goiás and their influence on the uses and forms of control of this region. The methodology included bibliographical research, collection and analysis of secondary data, fieldwork focused on the seven municipalities directly served by the highway, mapping and synthesis of the services offered along the route. The results showed that the GO-164, since its opening, plays a central role in the regional structuring and territorial fluidity of northwestern Goiás. Its axis continues to influence the increase in urbanization in the municipalities and the expansion of production conditions, functioning as essential infrastructure for the productive spatial circuit of the main regional economic activity, beef cattle. It can also be seen that the appropriation of this network by corporate groups linked to this economic activity is a clear indication of this process, benefiting from the routes to articulate systems of control and power. In other words, the highway has been used both to promote integration and as a strategic artifact for exercising regional dominance. It can be concluded that the symbolism of the transition - from cattle drives to modern livestock transport by truck - remains symptomatic, now shaped by technique and a selective fluidity that connects corporate groups to the main state centralities and to the important nodes of the meat trade network on a global scale.
A linguagem dos quadrinhos como instrumento de mediação didática para os estudos da relação cidade e campo no ensino de geografia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-16) Silva, Ykaro Feliphe Sousa; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1374656969635983; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; Menezes, Priscylla Karoline de; Richter, Denis
This study is based on the concern about the need to promote the formation of concepts in the teaching-learning process of Geography, from a critical perspective, with a view to meaningful learning. In this sense, different languages have been appropriated by primary school teachers as pedagogical and didactic aids for the intended formation to take place. Among these is the language of comics, a textual genre that arouses interest and curiosity and often deals with political, social and environmental issues, making it a tool with great potential for critical reflection. This language can be represented by comics, cartoons, graphic novels, manga and caricatures, which, when used appropriately as a tool in the didactic mediation process of the geography teacher, can contribute to the development of students' critical thinking, the formation of geographical thinking, enabling the development of students as critical and autonomous citizens, capable of reading, thinking and situating themselves in the world, understanding and analyzing their daily lives and exercising citizenship. In view of the above, this research was guided by the objective of understanding the potential of comic language as a didactic mediation tool for the formation of concepts about the relationship between city and countryside and its contributions to the formation of geographical thinking. To achieve this, we used a qualitative methodology, document analysis of the geography textbooks used from 6th to 9th grade in the city of Minaçu-GO, where the researcher works as a teacher of this curricular component, and the curriculum document for Goiás (2018), participant research, elaboration and analysis of the application of a didactic course on the relationship between city and countryside in a municipal public school in the city of Minaçu/GO. The results showed that although comics are considered an alternative language in the curriculum, they do not have a significant presence in geography textbooks, including in the content of the relationship between the city and the countryside. Based on the literature review, the language of comics can be considered as a potential tool for didactic mediation, as long as the teacher is fully prepared and has mastered the content and language used. Through the application of the didactic pathway with students in the 7th year of primary school, there was evidence of the formation of concepts of the relationship between the city and the countryside after this process.
Ensinar e aprender pela geografia o conceito de lugar na cidade: contribuições da teoria desenvolvimental
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-11-10) Santos, Victor Alves; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8827112569170294; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; Moraes, Loçandra Borges de
The subject of this dissertation is the teaching of Place in the City to school children and young people, and its demarcation in the importance of the didactic organization of this content in the students' learning. This topic has already been studied by other researchers, who understand that it is a relevant discussion and that its realization in practice, with the goal of conceptual formation, still encounters limits and is a challenge for teachers. Therefore, we defined the following research problem: How can the organization of Place teaching with an emphasis on the City enhance the formation of geographical thinking and thus overcome the predominant empirical thinking in Geography teaching? Thus, the main objective of this study was to understand the learning of the concept of Place in the City through the organization of teaching from the perspective of developmental theory for the development of the geographical thinking of 6th-grade students at a state school in Britânia/GO. The specific objectives were to identify elements of the organization of Geography teaching present in the teaching plan and lessons of the teacher in charge and in the Political Pedagogical Project for the 6th year of Primary School at the state school in Britânia/GO; to analyze the teaching of geographical content developed in the school context; to develop a proposal for a didactic-formative experiment, linked to the teaching organization underway, with an emphasis on the concept of Place in the City with students in the 6th year of primary school at the school in question; and to assess the evidence of learning and the formation of students' theoretical-geographical thinking as a result of the teaching organization. In order to achieve these objectives, we used a qualitative methodology in the participant modality, and as procedures: I) observations, carried out in the school space in order to verify the dynamics and behavior of the 6th-grade students; II) documentary analysis, of the BNCC, DC/GO, PPP, and teaching and lesson plans of the teacher, in order to ascertain the didactic affiliation and understanding of the contents of Place in the City exposed in these documents; III) semi-structured interviews with the 6th-grade students and the teacher, in order to recognize the research subjects and possible indications of the didactic organization used in Geography classes; IV) a didactic-formative experiment to develop the teaching and learning process regarding Place in the City; and V) a questionnaire applied to the 6th-grade class, with the aim of evaluating the proposed teaching organization. To provide theoretical support for the research, we drew on Carlos (2007) and Santos (1996a), who deal with the conceptualization of Place and City; Callai (2000), Castellar (2009a), and Cavalcanti (2019), who discuss the teaching of Place and/or City and; Davídov (1988), Leontiev (2004), and Vigotski (1991a), who address the initiation of a scientific, theoretical, and developmental teaching and learning process. Finally, the results showed that the proposed teaching organization brought about significant changes in teaching and learning, insofar as the students actively participated in the actions, operations, and tasks carried out. In this manner, they were able to read and unveil the place in the city where they live from a geographical perspective that was pertinent to their concrete realities in life. This was made possible by an organized and articulated teaching approach, by producing tasks and group discussions, by didactic mediation that led to new questions, and by respecting the students' moments of socialization, among others. Based on these characteristics established in the classroom, the students developed reflexivity, orality, awareness, personality, and were given the opportunity to form their thinking through theoretical-geographical concepts, in favor of human and citizen development to intervene socially in their daily lives.
Aplicação de índices espectrais na avaliação do aporte de sedimentos ao reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Itumbiara (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-10) Santos, Elias Vitor Rosa dos; Ferreira Nascimento, Diego Tarley; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7583595383127682; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4172719252263913; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; Nunes, Fabrizia Gioppo
This study investigated the sediment input to the reservoir of the Itumbiara Hydroelectric Power Plant (GO/MG) through the application of the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), using Landsat 8 satellite imagery and field data such as precipitation and suspended sediments. The analysis revealed that the methodology was effective in identifying seasonal patterns in water turbidity, with higher turbidity observed during the rainy months. The correlation between NDTI data and suspended sediments demonstrated the accuracy of the index in monitoring turbidity. The application of NDWI to isolate the drainage area was crucial for ensuring a more precise analysis, excluding areas outside the water body. The classification of turbidity levels based on statistical criteria proved adequate, but the research suggests the need for refinements to better capture spatial and temporal variability. The Random Forest model, used to validate the NDTI, highlighted the most relevant variables influencing turbidity, such as reflectance bands and derived indices. Despite the positive results, it became evident that the current model is not sufficient to fully explain sediment dynamics, requiring the inclusion of factors such as land use, topography, and rock types, as well as a better understanding of fluvial processes. The proposed methodology, combining spectral indices and sediment data, proved promising and could be applied to other hydroelectric reservoirs, contributing to the advancement of water quality monitoring and resource management.
Desvendando tendências: o universo da moda e as contradições socioespaciais na região da 44 em Goiânia-GO de 2010 a 2024
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-03-19) Correa, Letícya Sousa; Borges, Ronan Eustáquio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3781116210567482; Borges, Ronan Eustáquio; Matushima, Marcos Kazuo; Maia, Carlos Eduardo Santos
This dissertation proposes a discussion about the impacts of fashion commerce in the Rua 44 region, in Goiânia. Region 44 is the second largest fashion hub in Brazil, behind only Brás, in São Paulo, and presents an intense dynamism. The centrality that this commercial agglomeration plays in intra-urban transformations and in the landscape itself acts as an open-air laboratory for geography. Our location is Mega Moda Shopping, the largest shopping center in the region and one of the projects that exerts the most political, economic and social influence in the region, in addition to driving the transformation of the fashion hub. We also discuss the work carried out by the different classes present in the space. Some concepts guide our studies, such as fashion, centrality and landscape. Methodologically, the research relies on a bibliographical review of the concepts and historical contextualization of the region, in addition to semi-structured interviews and forms with open and closed questions. We conclude that Region 44, being the largest employer in the service sector in the State of Goiás, presents a unique operating dynamic, operating in an increasingly structured way and driving the creation of various government policies and actions to support small business owners and boost the fashion industry in Goiás, paying attention to women who are the majority in the fashion industry
Pensamento geográfico e a fotografia na mediação para análise da paisagem urbana no ensino de geografia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-28) Echavarría, Jenny Paola Mellizo; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8827112569170294; Cavalcanti , Lana de Souza; Pires , Mateus Marchesan; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de
Se presenta en este documento una investigación en el campo de la enseñanza de la Geografía. Se identifica en la Teoría Histórico-cultural un marco teórico capaz de fundamentar desarrollos importantes dentro de esta esfera particular. A partir de los principios teórico-metodológicos de este enfoque teórico, es válido explorar mediaciones posibles para potenciar la enseñanza de la Geografía con el objetivo de desarrollar el pensamiento. En esta investigación, se cuestionan las posibilidades de trabajar la categoría de Paisaje urbano a través del análisis geográfico de material fotográfico. En las intersecciones entre la enseñanza de la geografía, la teoría histórico-cultural, el paisaje y la geografía, hay realmente poco escrito y menos propuestas integradoras. Se parte del entendimiento de las potencialidades que cada uno de estos elementos aislados tiene para potenciar la enseñanza, y de la exploración de la posibilidad de tenerlos todos juntos en el aula en una estructura coherente que pueda impactar positivamente las prácticas de enseñanza y los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa en la modalidad de investigación participativa, realizada en una escuela de Enseñanza Media en la ciudad de Goiânia. El conjunto de actividades realizadas en la escuela fue titulado como proyecto foto(geo)gráfico. Tras la realización de la investigación empírica, fue posible identificar en el análisis de la experiencia consideraciones importantes sobre el proceso de desarrollo del Pensamiento Geográfico, así como los impactos en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje resultantes del trabajo analítico sobre el Paisaje urbano, cuando es mediado por la Fotografía como imagen, técnica, arte, instrumento de poder y forma de expresión.
A construção de conhecimentos sobre os processos erosivos urbanos na geografia escolar
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-04) Oliveira, Amanda Satil de; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3615558165803518; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; Moraes, Loçandra Borges de; Romao, Patricia de Araujo
The scenario of constant and growing urbanization brings with it several issues, ysical-natural components of the geographic space, as it results from the interaction between soil, relief, climate, geology, water, among others, as well as the such as erosive processes. To understand such processes, we consider the ph social relations established in the way society appropriates geographic space. Based on this framework, our general objective is to understand how knowledge related to urban erosive processes has been addressed in School Geography and its importance for the critical formation of students. Specific objectives include identifying how theoretical-methodological knowledge on Geography teaching, physical-natural components, and erosive processes are being discussed in scientific and academic production; investigating how knowledge about erosive processes is proposed in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), the Curricular Document for Goiás (DCGO), and the Geography textbooks for 6th grade of Elementary School; and analyzing the theoretical- methodological knowledge mobilized by Geography teachers for building learning about erosive processes in Basic Education and, from this, propose teaching methodologies to address the topic in Geography lessons. To achieve these objectives, we chose a qualitative research methodology. As methodological procedures, we conducted a literature review, State of Knowledge analysis, textbook analysis, and document analysis of the BNCC and DCGO, along with the application of questionnaires and classroom observations. The bibliographic survey was carried out in books, articles, theses, and dissertations. The State of Knowledge was carried out on the CAPES platform and Google Scholar with the aim of identifying, selecting, and analyzing works that could contribute to the development of the research. The documentary analysis of the BNCC and DCGO aimed to identify how erosive processes are addressed in the 6th grade, final years of Elementary School, the phase in which the curriculum proposes work on these processes based on their correlation with the physical-natural components of geographic space. The questionnaire was applied to four teachers, two from the municipal network of Goiânia and two from the state network of Goiás, based in Goiânia. Classroom observations aimed to understand how this content has been taught in School Geography. Regarding the textbooks, we conclude that some collections have made more significant progress in integrating the physical- natural components of geographic space with society. In the curricula, we found that urban erosive processes have not received the due attention. This study allowed us to understand that the city of Goiânia (GO) is a setting for erosive processes and floods. In this sense, studying the risks of this phenomenon from Basic Education represents a possibility of mitigating social inequalities through student awareness and the formation of reflective subjects about their realities.
Estratégias de viver a vida: da produção ao consumo de comida saudável no Assentamento Canudos/GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-11) Soares, Bárbara Victória da Silva; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2930978785634948; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; Calaça, Manoel; Furtado, Ariandeny Silva de Souza
Esta investigación aborda la producción de comidas saludables como una forma esencial de reproducción de la vida de los campesinos. El espacio de estudio es el Asentamiento Canudos, localizado en tres municipios, destacándose Palmeiras de Goiás/GO. El objetivo de la investigación es comprender las diversas estrategias implementadas por los campesinos asentados a través de la reforma agraria en el Asentamiento Canudos para garantizar su permanencia en la tierra, utilizando la producción de comidas saludables como base para la reproducción social y económica. Entre las estrategias identificadas, se destaca la Comunidad que Sustenta la Agricultura (CSA), implementada en una de las unidades del asentamiento, que organiza un sistema de producción, comercialización y distribución de comidas saludables. Además de esta iniciativa, se identificaron otros medios desarrollados por los asentados, como el Sistema Agroforestal (SAF), la producción de leche, la participación en ferias libres, asociaciones y colectivos. Frente a los desafíos enfrentados en el campo –como la lucha por la tierra, la infraestructura, el acceso a servicios básicos y políticas públicas–, se evidencia la necesidad de estrategias que aseguren la reproducción de la vida y la permanencia en el territorio. Por lo tanto, el objetivo general es analizar la producción de comidas saludables en el Asentamiento Canudos/GO y su importancia para la reproducción socioeconómica de los campesinos. Metodológicamente, la investigación se realizó mediante revisión bibliográfica, recolección de datos en órganos e instituciones oficiales, trabajo de campo, aplicación de cuestionarios y realización de entrevistas semidirigidas. Estas metodologías permitieron explorar temas como la problemática agraria, la lucha por la tierra, los obstáculos y las perspectivas asociadas a la producción de comidas saludables, con énfasis en la generación de ingresos, la inclusión productiva y la preservación de las identidades y culturas campesinas en la lucha por su Existencia.
A habitação de interesse social e seus efeitos no processo de produção do espaço intraurbano de Santa Helena De Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-14) Rosa, Flávio Domingos Araujo; Lima, Leandro Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9322069869687533; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro A; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1038300875963340; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro A; Moraes, Lucia Maria; Castilho, Denis
El trabajo aborda los efectos que las viviendas de interés social han generado en la producción del espacio intraurbano de la ciudad de Santa Helena de Goiás. Para alcanzar este resultado, se realizó una investigación sobre las políticas habitacionales implementadas por el poder público desde la década de 1930. Se analizaron los distintos programas habitacionales en los niveles federal, estatal y municipal, que juntos contribuyeron a la producción del espacio intraurbano en Santa Helena. A partir de esto, comprendemos cómo los agentes formadores del espacio, en especial el estado de Goiás, se han constituido como fundamentales en la estructuración del espacio intraurbano. Como síntesis, se definieron los períodos del intraurbano donde se observó, basado en datos primarios y secundarios, cómo el espacio intraurbano fue siendo producido a partir de distintos factores como la población, la economía y la propia formación regional. Según la periodización propuesta en la tesis, el Estado produjo el espacio intraurbano de Santa Helena de Goiás en un rango variable del 45,5% al 62,8% del total del parcelamiento inmobiliario. Estos valores indican la fuerza con la que el Estado actuó en la producción del espacio urbano. Estos hallazgos reafirman la importancia del poder público en la garantía del suministro de viviendas de interés social, al mismo tiempo que revelan las contradicciones que se materializan en la producción y reproducción del espacio urbano.
(Re)existências camponesas e sujeição da renda da terra a partir da produção leiteira em Piracanjuba (GO)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-22) Nogueira, Paulo Henrique Santos; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2930978785634948; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Carneiro, Janãine Daniela Pimentel Lino
El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir un análisis de la reestructuración productiva de las agroindustrias lácteas en Goiás y sus efectos sobre la salud, las relaciones laborales y la producción de los campesinos productores de leche, teniendo como foco espacial el municipio de Piracanjuba. El núcleo de la investigación es comprender la (Re)Existencia campesina frente a los cambios territoriales provocados por el agronegocio en Piracanjuba (GO), considerando la sujeción de la renta de la tierra a través de la producción lechera, realizada predominantemente por campesinos productores de leche, a los complejos lecheros globalizados. En cuanto a los objetivos específicos, se buscó analizar la producción lechera como estrategia de permanencia en la tierra y de reproducción social del campesinado; definir las principales transformaciones técnicas en la producción lechera y su contribución a la (Re)Existencia campesina; comprender los principales aspectos del proceso de reestructuración espacial de las agroindustrias lácteas en Goiás y la integración del campesinado en esta cadena productiva. Los recursos metodológicos utilizados consistieron en una revisión bibliográfica y documental, investigación de campo, consulta de bases de datos secundarias, entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuestionarios y utilización de recursos fotográficos. En el transcurso de la investigación, se observó que el éxito de las agroindustrias procesadoras de alimentos -aunque no posean vacas lecheras- se logra a través de la sujeción de la renta de la tierra -materializada en la leche como producto/materia prima- para obtener ganancias cada vez mayores, especialmente hoy en día con las nuevas formulaciones industriales llamadas soluciones lácteas - que tienen un menor porcentaje de leche y/o subproductos del procesamiento de la leche y en algunos casos ningún derivado lácteo en su composición - todo este proceso pone de manifiesto la contradicción que impregna la realidad en la que se encuentra Brasil, por un lado, una agenda urgente de construcción de la soberanía alimentaria nacional, una propuesta de reforma agraria, y por otro, cómo el agronegocio se consolida ideológica y políticamente a través del discurso de «productor» de alimentos para los hogares brasileños. Si esto fuera cierto, no tendríamos un país que volvió a niveles alarmantes de hambre e inseguridad alimentaria en el período 2017-2022, con el ascenso de los representantes políticos de la élite brasileña, que desmantelaron una serie de políticas públicas para transferir ingresos y combatir el hambre y la pobreza en el país. La pandemia del Covid-19 ha dejado al descubierto todos estos males sociales. Las escenas de personas haciendo cola para recoger huesos en las carnicerías de Mato Grosso y Mato Grosso do Sul -estados que son destaque nacional en la ganadería bovina- se han vuelto recurrentes y, junto con el aumento de los precios de los alimentos frescos, ha surgido el contexto perfecto para el aumento del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. El hambre es producida por factores socioeconómicos bajo los intereses políticos y sociales de grupos privados que no permiten que una parte importante de la población acceda a los alimentos necesarios para la reproducción cotidiana de la vida. Sus estudios también abordan el hambre oculta/hambre endémica, un hambre colectiva que se produce cotidianamente y que mata lentamente a las poblaciones afectadas, no por inanición, sino por enfermedades asociadas (enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles). La raíz de esta desigualdad social en el acceso pleno a una alimentación sana está en los cambios territoriales que se han producido en el campo, especialmente en los territorios productores de alimentos. La incapacidad del Estado para promover condiciones dignas para los campesinos y trabajadores de la tierra en el campo, la transferencia tecnológica, así como un acceso más fácil al crédito y otros beneficios de las políticas agrarias del Plan Safra para la agricultura familiar, es totalmente opuesta cuando se trata de orientar el agronegocio. La otra cara del proceso son las exigencias de la globalización del capital y de la financiarización de la economía, en la que el mercado especulativo alcanza también la esfera de la producción de alimentos, convirtiéndola en producción de mercancías.

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