O complexo de Israel como um assemblage global de (in)segurança: uma análise da política de (in)securitização da violência no Rio de Janeiro e da ascensão do narcopentecostalismo

Abstract

The present study examines the emergence of (in)securitization in Rio de Janeiro in 2008. This policy was characterized by establishing the Pacifying Police Units (UPPs), which facilitated the construction of a global assemblage model of (in)security. This model comprised an intricate network involving drug traffickers from the Terceiro Comando Puro, militiamen, (neo)Pentecostal Churches, and State agents. The study's analysis focuses on a specific territory known as Complexo de Israel, which is predominantly influenced by (neo)Pentecostal drug traffickers. These traffickers use a combination of (in)securitization and sacro-securitization. In this situation, evil or the devil becomes a threat that requires the creation of combat strategies. Such an assemblage can be most aptly characterized as an inextricable tangle of public-private, licit-illicit, and sacred-profane ties that mobilize global relationships with local contingencies. Saskia Sassen (2008) refers to these dynamics as "global assemblages," sets that challenge traditional notions of territoriality. When examining the case analyzed here, it becomes evident that the arrangements formed between the actors involved in the "pacification" of Rio cannot be defined exclusively as local or global, public or private, sacred or profane, or legal or illegal. Instead, they are characterized by elements of each category, thereby illustrating the construction of new territories through processes of tension and glocalization. In summary, the actions of these actors demonstrate the hybridity of their spatial and cultural positioning in Rio, thus defying clear categorizations. To elucidate this phenomenon, the present research adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing the Grounded Theory (GT) method. This approach was supported by a comprehensive investigation of various data sources, including newspaper articles, social media posts, primary and secondary literature, and semi-structured interviews. The analysis enabled the demonstration of how the field of security began to utilize different "worlds", uniting different actors, thereby creating a new territory and establishing a new logic of relations in criminal governance, i.e., a global assemblage of (in)security.