Estimativa de parâmetros biofísicos no Cerrado, em paisagens agrícolas e nativas, a partir de sensores imageadores embarcados em plataformas aéreas não tripuladas
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2024-04-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), identified here by the acronym
UAV, for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, have rapidly advanced remote sensing systems,
allowing for effective assessment of agricultural crops and natural areas through the
processing and integration of field data and various sensors embedded in UAVs. This
study addresses the scarcity of biomass and carbon estimates in integrated livestock
and crop systems (iLP) and highlights the use of onboard sensors of unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) as an efficient and cost-effective method for acquiring precise remote
sensing data. In this thesis (comprised of three articles), the first research was conducted
in an experimental iLP area of Embrapa Rice and Bean, in the core area of the Goiás
Cerrado, employing high-resolution multispectral aerial images to estimate the
relationship between vegetation indices (VIs) and carbon stock in an upland rice field
intercropped with Brachiaria, a species of exotic grass from the Brazilian Cerrado
ecosystem. The results indicated that VIs incorporating near-infrared (NIR) exhibited
a stronger correlation with biomass than those using only visible band information.
Regression models successfully predicted biomass and carbon stock at different stages
of the iLP cycle. Maps were generated showing the spatial and temporal distribution of
biomass, emphasizing the advantages of using drones and multispectral sensors in this
type of analysis. The second study organized in this research, also conducted in the
company's experimental area in Goiás, explored the estimation of evapotranspiration
(ET) in different crops and soil coverages through multispectral images captured by
drones. The method employed - SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration
Retrieving) - showed good agreement for ET between drone and satellite data,
highlighting its applicability and flexibility, without depending on satellite images
affected by clouds or monitoring towers in the field. The study highlights the
importance of integrated agricultural practices to better manage water resources and
minimize negative impacts on the Cerrado's hydrological system. Lastly, the third study
investigated the use of multispectral sensors onboard UAVs to monitor nitrogen status
in agricultural crops, specifically in irrigated rice cultivation. The results demonstrated
that aerial sensors performed well in estimating agronomic parameters related to
nitrogen status, such as total above-ground biomass, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf area
index, at different phenological stages of the rice cycle. This method shows promise in
overcoming the limitations of satellite cloud cover and providing greater coverage with
shorter operating times, compared to field optical sensors (non-imaging). These studies
highlight the relevance and effectiveness of using drones and multispectral sensors for
various agricultural applications, ranging from carbon and biomass estimation in
integrated systems to monitoring evapotranspiration and nutrient status in specific
crops, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and efficient management of the
natural resources of the Cerrado.
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LIMA, G. S. A. Estimativa de parâmetros biofísicos no Cerrado, em paisagens agrícolas e nativas, a partir de sensores imageadores embarcados em plataformas aéreas não tripuladas. 2024. 136 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2024.