Da realidade ao pensamento: a formação histórica e a crítica ao individualismo na sociedade burguesa

Abstract

The theme of this work is the study of the role of the bourgeois class in the historical construction and critique of individualism from the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century. The overall objective is to understand how the bourgeois class historically acted in the construction and subsequent critique of an individualistic reality and discourse within the context of class struggle. To achieve this purpose, the following specific objectives were outlined: 1- to analyze the formation of individualism in the context of the transition from feudalism to the capitalist system in the late Middle Ages and early modern era; 2- to situate individualism as part of bourgeois propositions in opposition to the proposals of the working class during the context of the English Revolution in the 17th century; 3- to understand the systematization of individualism following the developments of the French and Industrial Revolutions in the 18th century; 4- to identify individualism as part of the strategies of the bourgeois class in confronting the proletariat throughout the 19th century; and 5- to study the historical context that led part of the global bourgeois class to support fascism and criticize individualistic practices and ideas in the first half of the 20th century. The research was bibliographical, and its execution considered the methodological demands and care of historicaldialectical materialism. The conceptual categories employed were: ideology and individualism. Among the studies that served as theoretical references, the contributions of Konder (1999), Paulo Netto (2011), Hunt and Shermam (1988), Marx and Engels (2007), Brzezinski and Santos (2015), Marx (2013), and Anjos and Duarte (2017) were highlighted. The problem that guides the production of this research is: how did the bourgeois class formulate and contradictorily criticize individualist practices and notions in the social and ideological field? Individualism, even with its different variations, can be interpreted as an ideological conception constructed and revised in parallel with the formation of capitalist society