O Realismo modal de David Lewis: uma opção pragmática
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Data
2010-08-30
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
In this dissertation we will defend Lewis Modal Realism (LMR), i.e., the metaphysical
hypothesis about the real existence of a plurality of worlds. We will try to show the pragmatic
character of Lewis arguments in support of this metaphysics of possible worlds. In this sense,
we approximate Lewis (1986) and Quine (1960) and we aim to show that Lewis uses criteria
for taking ontological decisions similar to those defended by Quine. These criteria are:
simplicity of formulation, theoretical economy and distrust in purely intuitive criteria as only
guide for Philosophy. To accomplish our intention, we divided the text in three chapters. In
the first we present the philosophical benefits of LMR that demonstrate the theoretical utility
of possible-worlds talk. These benefits are related to important concepts in Philosophy of
Language and Epistemology, such as, Modality, Counterfactuals and a uniform treatment to
Properties and Propositions. The second chapter is divided into two parts. At first we present
the philosophical background we believe is related to Lewis philosophy. A neo-humean
scenario and the resumption of metaphysics discussion in contemporary analytic philosophy
compose this background. In the second part we present three fundamental thesis formulate
by Lewis the consistence of his Modal Realism: concreteness, isolation and plenitude. In the
third and latter chapter we discuss two criticism of LMR: (a) David Armstrong & Peter
Forrest (1984) and (b) Susan Haack (1977). Each of these papers present criticism from
distinct points of view. The first aims to identify a paradox in the metaphysics of possible
worlds, and the latter focuses on semantics aspects of LMR. Finally, we show Lewis reply to
objection (a) and that argument (b) could be inserted as an incredulous stare on LMR, and that
it consists on a petition principi.
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Citação
ROCHA, Renato Mendes. David Lewis modal realism: pragmatic option. 2010. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Humanas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2010.