Mestrado em Filosofia (FAFIL)

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttp://200.137.215.59/tede/handle/tde/274

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A irreflexão como causa da banalidade do mal: ação e responsabilidade pelo mundo
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2026-03-03) Guerra, Bruna Silva; Silva, Adriano Correia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7465568204123045; Lopes, Adriana Delbó; Chaves, Rosângela Almeida; Silva, Adriano Correia
This research examines how the absence of thought, evidenced in the phenomenon of the banality of evil, illuminates the relationship between responsibility and action in the world in the work of Hannah Arendt. To develop this approach, Arendt draws on the historical experience of totalitarian regimes, in which the problem of evil takes on an unprecedented form. In this context, the weakening of the exercise of thought and the dissolution of individual responsibility in the face of extreme events that strain the limits of moral and political judgment become visible. It is in this scenario that the idea of the banality of evil develops, whose concrete applicability is evidenced in the author's reflections on the trial of Adolf Eichmann. At this point, Arendt demonstrates that superficiality and the inability to think can make the practice of evil possible.
Kant e o problema do mal no pensamento de Hannah Arendt
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2026-03-02) Nascimento, Vinicius Araujo da Silva; Silva, Adriano Correia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7465568204123045; Silva, Adriano Correia; Farias Junior, João Batista; Junges, Marcia Rosane
This research examines evil as an ethical and political problem that runs through human history and imposes itself in the twentieth century, when certain forms of destruction seem to exceed the categories of guilt, punishment, and weakness. We begin from the premise that evil cannot be reduced either to an agent’s psychology or to a purely moral dimension: it strikes the common world, undermines confidence in the intelligibility of actions, and reopens the question of responsibility. The aim is to understand, in Hannah Arendt, how the problem of evil is configured and to identify where Immanuel Kant is present in this debate. The guiding question — “within Arendt’s problematic of evil, where is Kant present?” — leads the research while preserving a thread between philosophical tradition, historical experience, and the new perspective brought by Arendt. We adopt a deliberate scope: we initially privilege evil in the moral sense, that is, evil that is committed and imputable, while also adopting a conceptual and genealogical reconstruction: the reading of primary sources, the selection of passages, and a critical dialogue with the bibliography. The interest is not to accumulate interpretations, as in a simple overview of the history of philosophy, but to make explicit what each concept illuminates when confronted with limit-events. The path taken moves through authors in whom evil appears as error, weakness, or privation, highlighting the shift toward the problem of will and of imputability. In Kant, we examine how radical evil undergirds freedom and responsibility without reducing the agent to determinisms; at the same time, we emphasize his rejection of a diabolical will—that is, of willing evil for its own sake—since such a hypothesis proves contrary to the moral-philosophical tradition of duty. In Arendt, the focus shifts to political experience, so that, in her analyses of totalitarianism, radical evil takes on contours tied to the fabrication of the superfluous and to the collapse of the conditions of belonging to the world. In Eichmann, the banality of evil emerges, in which the extreme can be carried out through shallowness, clichés, and thoughtlessness, rather than through demonic depth. From this displacement, we highlight the role of thinking, judging, and imagination as conditions of resistance. We argue that Kant is present in Arendt in multiple ways: (i) as both inheritance and displacement of the term radical evil, whose function changes when it is transferred to the political plane; (ii) as the problem of responsibility and imputation, especially when bureaucratic structures attempt to sever the link between act and agent; and (iii) as a horizon for judging and for the sensus communis, since the communicability of judgment and the consideration of the other’s point of view appear as antidotes to the thoughtlessness and loneliness that feed banal evil. The contribution of this work consists in showing that this encounter is not one of identity, but of tension: Kant offers a grammar of imputation; Arendt exposes its historical crisis and reinscribes the problem of evil on political ground. We do not offer a total history of evil, nor do we exhaust Kant and Arendt; rather, we delineate an interpretive axis of evil in history, especially in the unfoldings and points of contact of Kant within Arendtian thought.
Entre a cena e o conceito: a piedade no Diálogo Eutrífon de Platão
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-12-15) Santos, Aline Franciele Silva; Almeida, Wellington Damasceno de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7297509489292287; Almeida, Wellington Damasceno de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7297509489292287; Matos Junior, Fábio Amorim de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4861911955702400; Borges, Anderson de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2037539775539289
This dissertation investigates Plato's Euthyphro dialogue, but rejects the idea that one must choose between analyzing the work through its dramatic aspect (scene) or through an analysis of the concepts (definitions). The thesis defended is that the two are linked: the drama acts as a filter for knowledge (epistemic conditioning of the scene). Methodologically, the research employs a vertical reading that analyzes the collapse of the logos through three dramatic axes that structure the traditional piety represented by Euthyphro: (1) Divine disagreement (based on myth), (2) the Miasma (based on the ritual of purification), and (3) the Economy of cult (based on transaction). This study demonstrates two hypotheses: (1) the dialogue exposes the logical inconsistency of Athenian religiosity by proving the failure of these three Axes; and (2) the text functions as an epistemological apology. By demolishing the epistemology of the traditional mantis (Euthyphro), Plato attacks the conceptual validity of the asebeia (impiety) accusation itself and implicitly validates the philosophical and internal piety of Socrates, symbolized by his daimonion. It is concluded that the final aporia is not a failure, but the philosophical success that demonstrates the inseparability between scene and concept
A crítica de Alexandre de Afrodísias ao compatibilismo estoico no De Fato
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-08-29) Rino, Geovane Torres; Pereira, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6269509018217934; Pereira, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6269509018217934; Boechat, Eduardo Murtinho Braga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6191662562806778; Rezende, Cristiano Novaes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3387128026616467
One of the central philosophical debates on human freedom contrasts three main positions: libertarianism, which defends unrestricted freedom; determinism, which denies the influence of individual will on events; and compatibilism, which seeks to reconcile human freedom with a causally determined universe. Alexander of Aphrodisias, a prominent commentator on Aristotle, criticizes the Stoic version of compatibilism in On Fate. From a libertarian standpoint, he argues that the Stoics distort philosophical concepts such as cause, deliberation, and assent, attributing to them technical meanings at odds with common sense in order to reconcile moral responsibility with strict causal determinism. However, in presenting the opposing view, Alexander often appears to misrepresent Stoic definitions by removing them from their specific contexts. This study investigates whether Alexander's distortions are deliberate, iustified bv the Aristotelian dialectical method-which prioritizes common notions and reputable opinions-or whether they stem from superficial interpretation. The analysis focuses on five categories of arguments ( ontological, linguistic, logical, psychological, and normative) to determine whether Alexander's misrepresentations are strategic tools for exposing weaknesses in Stoic doctrine or unintended oversimplifications.
A ação política segundo Éric Weil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 1999-02-19) Silva Neto, Antonio Gonçalves da; Heck, José Nicolau; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5920783434014910; Heck, José Nicolau; Ulhôa, Joel Pimentel de; Paine, Scott Randall
The dissertation investigates the concept on the political action in E. Weil, considering the conceptual deficiencies in the doctrinaire composition of the modern State. The guiding perspective of the assignment is based on the analysis of the key-category of La Logique de la Philosophie (1950), the masterpiece of the French Politician philosopher, entitled Action, and seeks its influence in Philosophie Politique (1956). The research starts with the hypothesis that the theory of revolutionary action presented in Lógica da Filosofia, has no consequences in the theory of the Weilian state. Weil’s analysis seem to show that the concepts of action in Filosofia Política do not refer back to the previous main category. What suggests a programmatic impasse in the intellectual legacy of the contemporaneous philosopher. The action research results from the announced hypothesis. The category of action is analysed, reorganised and clarified in confluence with theory and practice of Weilian’s thoughts. The results of the investigation accentuates the necessity of moral parameters in the inner of the modern State. The political state can only be a cause of social changing when it keeps itself under the regime of moral transformation. The Weilian figure of the State acquires universal vocation. The conclusions of the dissertation shows a philosophical approach which broadens the sphere of the politician to beyond the National State’s borders.
Obra De Arte Um Estranhamento Na Direção Do Sensível: O Perecimento Do Perene E O Declínio Do Belo Clássico Para Hegel
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-11-13) Silva, Edney Augusto Cordeiro; Silva, Márcia Zebina Araújo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6711525917597159; Silva, Márcia Zebina Araújo da; Tassinari, Ricardo Pereira; Klotz, Hans Christian
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the way in which the classical art form manages to capture both the rise and fall of the Greek gods, providing a revelation of the mutations that permeated society at that era. From the perspective of Hegelian aesthetics, we investigate the evidence that points to the decline of the Greek gods and their manifestation through the classical art form, highlighting the crucial role played by sculpture in this process. In addition, we delve into the interconnection between the philosophy of history and Hegelian aesthetics, thus aiming to understand how art echoes Greek thought and culture, manifesting itself throughout temporal continuity. As a conclusion, we find that the decline of the Greek gods is a recurring theme, manifested in an especially striking way in art, with emphasis on sculpture, which emerges as a silent testimony of the profound metamorphoses in the worldview and beliefs of Greek society.
Linguagem e realidade no crátilo 383A-390E
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-03-05) Nascimento, Eduardo Freitas; Borges, Anderson de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2037539775539289; Borges, Anderson de Paula; Araújo, Carolina de Melo Bomfim; Silva, José Lourenço Pereira da
This dissertation examines the relationship between language and reality in Plato’s Cratylus (383a- 390e), investigating how the philosopher conducts the dialectical examination of the theses of linguistic naturalism and conventionalism. The study analyzes the positions defended by Cratylus and Hermogenes, considering their ontological and epistemological commitments, and subsequently reconstructs Socrates' proposal in light of the concepts of φύσις (“nature”), οὐσία (“essence”), and εἶδος (“form”). It is demonstrated that Cratylus seeks to establish the necessary and sufficient criteria for a term N to be considered a “name”, arguing that only the true description of the nominatum via etymology serves as the foundation of naming. Hermogenes, in turn, investigates not only the necessary and sufficient criteria for a term N to be considered a "name" simpliciter but also the guidelines by which a “good name” is defined from a collective perspective. The study shows that Hermogenes’ conventionalist position is grounded in the articulation between the concepts of τιθέναι (“to establish” or “to impose”) and καλεῖν (“to call”), distinguishing two stages of naming: the imposition of names, governed by individual or collective decision, and the use of names, subject to underlying linguistic conventions. This research demonstrates that the Socratic thesis emerges from the dialectic between these two perspectives, proposing an intermediate conception in which naming must respect both the linguistic norms of the context of interlocution and the ontological structures of reality. The methodology combines philological and philosophical analysis, with a detailed examination of the Greek text and specialized bibliography. The results indicate that, in Cratylus 386e-390e, Plato outlines a highly sophisticated ontological theory, according to which objects possess stable properties and language, to be correct, must respect these attributes.
As duas noções de Multiplicidade no livro Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik de Frege
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-01-13) Ferreira, Sarah Lindsay Botão de Oliveira; Velloso, Araceli Rosich Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8203061798953795; Velloso, Araceli Rosich Soares; Porta, Mário Ariel González; Porto, André da Silva
The theme of this dissertation is the difficulties identified by Frege in the empirical (§§ 22-25) and formalist (§ 29-54) notions of “number” in the book Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik. Our main objective is to discuss these difficulties and the solution that Frege proposes for them, based on the statement expressed in section § 46, that “a statements of number contains an assertion about a concept”, a fundamental idea to understand his proposal for the logical foundation of arithmetic. Our hypothesis is that, in sections §§ 18-44 of this work, Frege rejects two notions of “multitude”, with the purpose of persuading his interlocutor that a statement of number contains an assertion about a “concept” [§ 46].
Isolamento e manipulação: O uso da pós-verdade como arma política na sociedade da informação
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-22) Carneiro, André Vinícius Dias; Silva, Adriano Correia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465568204123045; Silva , Adriano Correia; Lopes, Adriana Delbó; Nascimento, Daniel Arruda
The 21st century is considered by many scholars of both social and political sciences, as well as philosophy, as the information age. With increasingly faster and more comprehensive virtual communication, information has come to occupy a central place in the main aspects of human life, from an economic, political and social perspective. We are increasingly connected to each other in the virtual environment, but this communication often becomes a factor of segregation. Social media allows people to express their desires and opinions about anything, but it also produces a culture of isolation at a time when its algorithms only serve to reinforce the opinions and desires expressed. Recent phenomena can be observed to support this perspective of "lack of connection", such as Fake News, which end up becoming important weapons in favor of political ideology and in the formation of new social masses. With the speed of information transmission, society is also beginning to adopt this speed in its relationships, causing people to come together only momentarily, in very specific situations, and not to form a more lasting bond. This occurs because, despite the ease of information circulation, the digital environment allows people anonymity, which in turn goes against the accountability for its content. While in the 20th century, when citizens came together they ended up revealing themselves to their peers, today this gathering can be done by faceless strangers. This research presents a theoretical nature of a qualitative nature, proposing to reflect on the behavioral manipulation produced by this new technology that serves private economic-political interests and how authoritarian groups are increasingly appropriating digital media as way of propagating their ideologies.
Alegoria e história natural no Trauerspiel-Buch de Walter Benjamin
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-01-15) Jinkings, Gabriel Nunes de Souza; Damião, Carla Milani; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2366404598683251; Damião, Carla Milani; Kangussu, Imaculada Maria Guimarães; Machado, Francisco De Ambrosis Pinheiro
This research examines Walter Benjamin's philosophical trajectory in rehabilitating allegory in The Origin of German Trauerspiel (Ursprung des Deutschen Trauerspiels) and its connection to the concept of natural history in two distinct senses: Naturgeschichte, understood as a paralyzed history that takes on the appearance of nature; and Natürliche Geschichte, a history devoid of human intervention. To develop this approach, Benjamin formulates two central critiques: (1) a critique of knowledge and subjectivism in historiography, presented in the “Epistemo-Critical Preface” (Erkenntniskritische Vorrede); and (2) a critique of the aesthetics of the symbol, which contributed to the devaluation of allegory, discussed in the second part of his work, titled “Allegory and Trauerspiel” (Allegorie und Trauerspiel). In the first stage of this study, the focus is on demonstrating how Benjamin proposes a “philosophical history” structured around the category of origin (Ursprung), seeking to overcome the dichotomy between historical contingency and timeless ideas. Here, the concept of natural history assumes a central role in sustaining an objective view of history, wherein any inquiry into reality must necessarily emerge from a concrete historical interpretation. Our thesis argues that, through this effort, Benjamin offers philosophy a renewed perspective for rethinking the relationship between permanence and change within history. In the second stage, we undertake a reassessment of the concept of allegory in Walter Benjamin, addressing the distances and critiques he presents regarding the historical construction of the concept in Romanticism. Our hypothesis is that the suppression of Baroque allegory in favor of the symbol during the 18th century did not stem merely from a conflict of aesthetic values. The privileging of the symbol is also linked to the negative knowledge provided by the temporality of allegory, which exposes the illusion of a stable and timeless self. In the aesthetics of the symbol, Benjamin identifies an attempt to conceal the decay and fragmentation inherent to life. The analysis of Benjamin’s study, along with the works of authors who contributed to this discussion, leads us to conclude that allegory was marginalized because confronting it means facing the conflict between the self and its temporal condition
A irracionalidade numérica na filosofia da matemática de Wittgenstein
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-05-17) Silva, Diogo Conceição da; Porto, André da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3598537464598916; Porto, André da Silva; Tranjan, Tiago; Velloso , Araceli Rosich Soares
The objective of this work is to understand “numerical irrationality” from the perspective of Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics. In the Wittgensteinian conception, an irrational number cannot be understood as just one other type of number within the set of Real Numbers. For Wittgenstein, we can even use “numerical irrationality” for calculation, the mistake is in giving the same treatment similar to that of an integer to a “number” which would be “irrational”. To introduce theses questions, it was necessary to understand how Wittgenstein construes mathematical rules, separating them into geometric mathematical rules and arithmetic mathematical rules, in order to point out the main themes involved in this approach. We emphasize the Greek way of understanding the issue, as it is precisely the Greek understanding which comes closest to the way Wittgenstein understands “numerical irrationality”. The example which shows the entire problem of our work is the relationship between “the side of the square” and the “diagonal of the square”, which, after applying the Euclid algorithm, does not yield a common standard, as the algorithm enters into a loop. This looping of Euclid's algorithm is both a demonstration of “numerical irrationality” and provides a method of approximation of , which does not produce an integer in its result but pairs of upper and lower bounds to the geometrical magnitude.
“Senso de probidade” na Aurora de Nietzsche: para o estilo de um contraideal formativo
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-06) Silva Neto, Hercules Garcia da; Dalla Vecchia, Ricardo Bazilio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476600097405010; Dalla Vecchia; Dalla Vecchia, Ricardo Bazilio; Garcia, André Luis Muniz; Lopes, Adriana Delbó
The research aims to investigate the philosophical-argumentative role of the expression “sense of probity” in Nietzsche’s thought, published in Dawn. The methodology consists of source analysis and contextual reconstruction of the published work. The investigative question, which constitutes the hypothesis of the work, can be formulated in the following terms: what are the implications of Nietzsche’s use of the “sense of probity” regarding his style and ideals acquired since the classical training in philology? The main result achieved is that of probity as a formative counterideal, meaning an exercise for characteristic self-styling.
O árduo percurso do vir-a-ser da democracia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-03) Tavares , Gustavo Lenza Kuhn de; Reis, Helena Esser dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1045681574037243; Reis, Helena Esser dos; Chaves , Rosangela Almeida; Costa, Marta Rios Alves Nunes da
The political history of men unveils the complex journey towards equality of conditions, as masterfully illustrated by Alexis de Tocqueville in his works. Skillfully intertwining the Old Regime, the French Revolution, and American democracy in his polyphonic narrative, Tocqueville guides us as a keen observer, aiming to comprehend the turbulent rise of democracy through diverse sociopolitical and economic events. Along this path, the crucial importance of the dialogue between tradition and innovation for a deeper understanding of the upward trajectory of democracy is emphasized. Tocqueville views the French Revolution as a turning point, confronting a decadent aristocracy with the emergence of a democratic society that would help shape the Western world with its values of freedom and equality. Through Tocquevillian analysis, we explore this transition in France, highlighting the ethical-political and economic challenges in transforming unequal structures into a society founded on freedom and equality that is still under construction. Our text not only encompasses the French Revolution but also the unique construction of democracy in the United States, examining administrative decentralization, civic participation, and local politics as vital elements of a democratic political and social system. Furthermore, we will present possible challenges in building a genuine democracy, such as individualism and the potential rise of a "capitalista aristocracy." The research underscores the ongoing relevance of Tocqueville's ideas in understanding the unfolding of democracy in the West, highlighting how each event contributed to its rise in various historical contexts.
Abstração, pensamento e crítica: Espinosa e o mais materialista dos começos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-01) Teixeira, Rafael Arcanjo; Rezende; Rezende, Cristiano Novaes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3387128026616467; Rezende, Cristiano Novaes de; Itokazu, Ericka Marie; Vieira Neto, Paulo
In our study, we explore the issue of abstraction in Spinoza, emphasizing his critique and its relation to the understanding of the mind as an integral part of Reality. Spinoza oscillates between a radical and moderate anti-abstractionism, recognizing that the same cognitive process can be both abstraction and another form of thinking, depending on the level of consciousness involved. Through Spinoza's analysis of abstraction, we find a critique of what we call "self-abstraction" — a form of thinking that places the individual as a detached entity from Reality, observing it from the outside as if not effectively participating in it. Despite critiquing abstraction, Spinoza does not completely reject it. For him, the dangers of abstractions are amplified when the mind is alienated from its own action and reifies its modes of thinking into concrete ideas. Finally, we argue that Spinoza's critique of abstractions is grounded in his materialism, in which the mind can only understand itself by understanding its participation in the Whole. Thus, Spinoza's proposed reflective approach as an epistemic method does not lead to the individualistic solipsism that separates us from the world, but guides us to the intricacies of the reality in which we participate
A idade da representação: a relação entre a arqueologia e a genealogia em Foucault
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-17) Soares, Matheus Henrique Borges; Ternes, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4963109088070313; Ternes, José; Silva, Adriano Correia; Sugizaki, Eduardo
This research aims to demonstrate the mode of the historical conception of the French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) from his modus operandi, that is, I do not pay attention only to his analytical assumptions in comparison with other historical conceptions that he criticizes, but part of the archeology carried out by the French philosopher. At first, I work with the rupture between the 16th century epistemes with that of the 17th and 18th centuries, the focus of the research is to analyze what Foucault calls the Age of Representation that links the sign to the role of representing, such linking conditioned the emergence of general grammar, natural history and richness analysis. In a second moment, I approach the Foucaultian genealogy that works in complementarity with archeology, in order to link the emergence of a new regime of penalties that arises in the break with the torture, so this new regime of penalties is responsible for establishing a new code criminal law that articulates the advantage of the crime with the disadvantage of the penalty, thus demonstrating that there is a transversality in what became known as classical representationism in the work of Michel Foucault.
Da cultura afirmativa à dessublimação repressiva: a dialética da sublimação em Herbert Marcuse
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-11-29) Schang, Renata Aparecida Martinussi; Almeida, Fábio Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3543790024810464; Damião, Carla Milani; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2366404598683251; Almeida, Fabio Ferreira de; Oliveira, Robespierre de; Kangussu, Imaculada Maria Guimarães
This work is dedicated to the dialectic of sublimation present in the work of Herbert Marcuse. This project is carried out through the so-called Freudo-Marxism, whose trajectory is considered here in three typical steps of dialectical materialism. The first step highlights the separation between art and the material conditions of existence, from Antiquity to the transcendent character of the affirmative culture of the 19th century. The second step introduces Freudo-Marxism and, through it, Marcuse's attempt to improve the Marxist program by locating possibilities for emancipation in the instinctual and sensitive spheres, as well as presenting his project for a self-sublimation of sexuality. The third step shows how the repressive desublimation of culture and sexuality has weakened the sensitive functions of the human being and compromised the political objective of happiness under the laws of the performance principle.
Tocqueville e os caminhos da igualdade: da democracia na América aos porões de Manchester, os liberalismos em conflito
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-28) Palma Junior, Carlos Stuart Coronel; Reis, Helena Esser dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1045681574037243; Reis, Helena Esser dos; Limongi, Maria Isabel de Magalhães Papaterra; Silva, Adriano Correia
This dissertation seeks to understand the influences of liberalism in political and economic philosophy on the work of Alexis de Tocqueville. In order to contextualize and evaluate the author's adherence to the liberal canon, we sought, through references and bibliographies that study his thought, to survey those authors from the liberal current who influenced his work. Furthermore, due to Tocqueville's particular method for analyzing social phenomena – the object of his study –, which is not restricted only to his theoretical framework, but rather through the direct study of the reality of social facts, we also evaluate the liberal influences on societies and institutions in the countries that served as the subject of their studies; nominally: the United States of America, England and Ireland. Finally, we also collected observations about the author's parliamentary performance, to assess whether Alexis de Tocqueville's political action, as a statesman, reflected or was in line with orthodox ideas related to current liberal thought. Thus, after scrutinizing these three elements, we were able to bring together arguments to answer the question proposed in the theme that guided the research.
Autointegração jurídica: uma reconstrução formal do problema das lacunas no direito
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-28) Barbosa, Matheus Gabriel; Schang, Fabien Georges Jacques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7692539246816433; Schang, Fabien Georges Jacques; Serbena, César Antônio; Leite, Alexandre Fernandes Batista Costa
The concept of a legal gap is studied from various semantic methods and both formal and informal perspectives. Observing that heterointegrable legal gaps are the ones that effectively generate problems of incompleteness in law, the study investigates the use of closure rules as a tool to ensure the completeness of legal systems, starting with Bobbio’s idea of exclusive general norms. Considering that jurists envision two classical closure rules, the principle of permission and the principle of prohibition, Woleński’s work is used to evaluate these principles in light of SDL, concluding that this logic is unable to formally differentiate these two principles. From there, research is conducted on how various renowned authors (Raz, Alchourrón, Bulygin...) have formalized legal gaps, observed the completeness problem, and applied closure rules. Finally, a proposal to use the logic AR4L , along the lines of truth-logic of Von Wright and Fabien Schang’s epistemic justification criteria, is presented. This consists of a four-valued system, where normative sentences Sp are read as promulgations, and the deontic interpretation depends on which legal system the legal proposition was promulgated. In summary, a multivalued formal treatment of closure rules will be proposed after reviewing the available literature in the logic of legal systems.
O conceito do mal: uma investigação a partir de Hannah Arendt
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-31) Oliveira Filho, Valério Luiz de; Silva, Adriano Correia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465568204123045; Silva, Adriano Correia; Moscateli, Renato; Giacoia Júnior, Oswaldo
This dissertation focuses on Nazi totalitarianism, and on the events that took place in the Third Reich's concentration and extermination camps, in order to establish, inductively, an order of phenomena that can epitomize what is assigned the value evil. For this investigation, the work of Hannah Arendt is used as a theoretical reference, as it relates precisely Nazism and its death camps to the problem of evil in philosophy. In the first chapter, the dissertation defends the hypothesis of “good” as any being in the sensible world, with its respective foundations, and of “evil” as the violation of beings and their conditions of possibility. It is shown that Arendt's “radical evil”, in the sense of extreme evil, is an assessment of the intensity of these violations. The second chapter analyzes some of the thinkers with whom Hannah Arendt engaged in dialogue and, in the course of her work, she identified as representatives of the “tradition of our thought”. We will work with the hypothesis that this tradition, namely, the one that starts from Ancient Greece, passes through Augustine and arrives at the Kantian “radical evil”, has always been anchored in the presupposition of a moral order originally present in the world and in human beings, from which the phenomenon of evil can be interpreted as deviation. In the third chapter, it is argued, based on the metaphor of the “web of relationships” present in the work The Human Condition, that evil is not a mere deviation in relation to some rationally and cosmologically pre-established harmony, but, on the contrary, it is the state towards which human experience and spirit tend when beings do not recognize each other, the different “goods”, in the space of plurality. It demonstrates how the “good” of each being is fragile in the face of a potential confrontation with those of all others, and that, therefore, the plural balance and mutual recognition between these “goods” constitute what makes humanity, as humanity, possible. Such a balance, argues the dissertation, is not natural, as it weakens with the lack of political care; or, in Arendt's words, of “care for the world”. And to the extent that the very formation of the human as a person capable of moral judgment, and also the formation of the conscience of evil as the violation of the other, depend on a worldly arrangement balanced and plural enough to make possible the presence of this other in the self, the “banality of evil” would be the other side of the fragility of good.
Genealogia e dispositivo de guerra: uma interpretação da produção foucaultiana no período entre 1970 e 1976
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-03-06) Silva Neto, Ildo Corrêa da; Pereira, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6269509018217934; Pereira, Rafael Rodrigues; Sugizaki, Eduardo; Silva, Adriano Correia
La publication intégrale des cours de la petite enfance de Foucault au Collège de France permet d’explorer la thèse de Daniel Defert selon laquelle la période entre les cours Leçons sur la volonté de savoir (1970) et l’écrit Histoire de la sexualité : La volonté de savoir (1976) présente des informations susceptibles de modifier le Regard que l’on a sur la production intellectuelle de Foucault. A cette époque, la généalogie s’annonce et s’adapta comme méthodologie d'analyse du pouvoir ; le dispositif de guerre apparaît comme une technologie qui traite de forces qui fonctionnent sous l’ordre de l’affrontement, de la lutte des une avec des autres. Defert affirme que l’écrit Surveiller e punir (1975) est une synthèse de tous les travaux qui ont été développés dans la période em question (1970-1976) quelle est le période de guerre ; ce qui permet de penser que l’analyse était consacrée à la présentation du prototype du dispositif de guerre qui imprègne les institutions disciplinaires. Il cherche à identifier le degré de similarité entre le prototype et les dispositifs dérivés ; discuter de l’objet cible des dispositifs disciplinaires que sont les forces du corps ; déduire la dynamique qui opèrent um appareil et le corps d’um individu ; rechercher dans quelle mesure généalogique, les dispositifs de guerre et les forces belliqueuses du cops son liés, et comment l’individu peut participer activement à ce conflit et inverser ses pertes d’autonomie. Os suppose que la discipline des corps passe historiquement par une déclaration de guerre aux dégénérés sociaux et des forces organisées et dirigées contre les forces du corps pour le soumettre et progressivement aliéner la liberté des individus. Ainsi, Surveiller e punir est centré sur la présentation des dispositifs nés de la guerre, fabriques em temps de guerre et orientes vers la guerre. Les institutions disciplinaires, avec l’intention d’utiliser le moins de violence possible, ont migré au niveau micropolitique du traitement de la subjectivité des individus.

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