Associação entre variáveis ambientais relacionadas a criadouros de Aedes aegypti e doenças arbovirais em comunidades rurais e tradicionais de Goiás, Brasil

Abstract

Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) represent a threat to public health and infect people all over the world, mainly in the Americas, due to environmental conditions favorable to the proliferation of the vector. The main objective of this dissertation was to associate environmental variables with Aedes aegypti breeding sites and arboviral diseases. For this, the specific objectives were to identify and assess the relevance of which environmental variables aggravate the existence of Aedes aegypti breeding sites and/or the occurrence of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the rural area (article 1). To analyze the relationship of 81,3% of the variablesidentified in the literature review to seroprevalence for arboviral diseases in rural and traditional communities in Goiás (article 2). Identify potential sites favorable to the reproduction of culicid vectors in the peridomicile in rural communities with families affected by dengue, Zika and/or chikungunya, and analyze the relationship between the number of breeding sites found and the seroprevalence for the three arboviruses (article 3). The methodology consisted of carrying out a systematic literature review (SLR) with a search for publications using Strings in the Scopus database and analyzing the studies qualitatively and quantitatively (article 1). Insert seroprevalence data for dengue, Zika and chikungunya from 39 rural communities distributed among settlements, quilombolas and riverside communities in the state of Goiás, within the scope of the SanRural Project, in linear regression models to investigate the relationship with local environmental variables (article 2). Gather information from peridomiciles regarding the presence of Aedes aegypti vector breeding sites in 137 households in 13 rural communities in Goiás with families affected by dengue, Zika and/or chikungunya (article 3). The results obtained were, the RSL resulted in 1007 productions, where 50 were relevant to the theme, which presented 16 different variables involving three categories, sanitation, climatology and socio-environmental factors, called “integrative”, with 52% of the articles associating, at least, two categories, where sanitation together with indicators from the integrative category was the combination used in 40% of the studies. Publications began in 1995, with Brazil at the center of discussions. Dengue was mainly associated in rural areas with socioeconomic and housing conditions, where sanitation was considered in 66% of the articles a crucial indicator that can explain the proliferation of vectors in a given region (article 1). 17,4% (12/70) of the indicators for the three categories of variables showed significant relationships with seroprevalence for dengue, Zika and/or chikungunya in rural communities in Goiás, notably: altitude and dengue (p-value <0,001); temperature and Zika; aspects of land use and chikungunya, with pvalue <0,05. The identified associations suggest that populations in rural areas in Brazil can be infected by arboviruses as much as inhabitants of urban areas, mainly due to the lack of universalization of sanitation services (article 2). More than 90% of households in 13 rural communities in Goiás had potential breeding sites for Aedes aegypti, which highlights the real possibility that culicid vectors have also reached rural areas in the state. The community that had the highest number of breeding sites with suspected Aedes aegypti vectors was also the one that resulted in the highest number of individuals affected by arboviruses (article 3). Thus, the present study is a municipal management tool for decision-making regarding disease prevention, as well as an alert to municipal health authorities, as implementing public policies is a measure that indirectly provides vector control and health promotion.