Integração territorial competitiva do Amapá: o programa de aceleração do crescimento e os grandes projetos de desenvolvimento
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2019-04-25
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The state of Amapá emerges as an important territory for the logistical integration of global
capitalism. Its lands are located at the confluence of the Amazon river with the Atlantic Ocean and
are the closest to the European and North American markets that Brazil has. This potential of
Amapá’s logistic-location led to the integration of its lands into the Northern Arc of Integration
and Development Axes, in 1996. However, the implementation of the necessary infrastructure to
consolidate this axis only began in 2007, with the development of Program for Growth
Acceleration (Pac), which started the asphaltic paving of highways, the hydroelectric power plants,
the implementation of the National Interconnected System transmission lines, the Binational
Bridge between Amapá and French Guiana and the port and airport renovation. In view of this
scenario, the objective of this work was to understand the political strategies and the social and
spatial consequences of the major infrastructure works developed in Amapá under Pac. The
hypothesis is that the infrastructure works in Amapá are the result of a state-adopted development
model that engenders a capitalistic dictatorship through the imperative force of a hegemonic
political-business structure, reproducing authoritarian and coercive practices, reordering the
territory in accordance with the logic of global capitalism and de-structuring the traditional
peoples’ way of life. Methods involved reflecting on the socio-spatial transformations caused by
the Pac infrastructure works in Amapá, from the territorial reordering process according to the
global capitalist logic. There were also interviews with representatives of the traditional peoples
affected by the major capitalistic development projects. It is in the contradiction between
capitalism and the traditional peoples’ territorial organization that this thesis structures its
arguments to identify the political strategies and socio-spatial consequences of the development
model adopted by the Federal Government in Amapá. As a result, it was found that Pac's major
infrastructure works are the result of a hegemonic development model, which aims to consolidate
the technical networks necessary for development, generating the territorial competitiveness
necessary to expand production circuits. The development of agribusiness, mining, logging,
fishing, and oil industry in Amapá has become a symbol of the state's progress and economic
development, but, contradictorily, also meant the dismantling of several traditional communities’
way of life. This dynamic is the result of regional strategic planning for the consolidation of the
Amazon, under the hegemonic actors perspective, in a neoliberal macroeconomic context of global
capitalism. The spatial logic of this dynamic is a continuous process of capitalist frontier
expansion, forged by the arrangement of global capitalism productive circuits, which reorders
space according to its needs. It is concluded that the territorial reordering according to global
capitalist interest in Amapá implies conflicts with the traditional peoples, since these two have
conflicting ideologies regarding the possession and use of the land. The capitalistic dictatorship in
Amapá was revealed by the use of coercion and violence strategies against the traditional peoples
for the hegemonic interest’s realization. However, it was possible to verify Amapá traditional
peoples resistance strategies, through social movements and alternative development projects.
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MARGARIT, Eduardo. Integração territorial competitiva do Amapá: o programa de aceleração do crescimento e os grandes projetos de desenvolvimento. 2019. 403 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.