Caracterização e germinação de Dendrocalamus asper (Schultes f.) Backer ex Heyne (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
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2017-09-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Bamboo has the potential to replace traditional forest species, and there are no forest species that can compete in growth speed and area utilization. They have infrequent flowering, being the fruits rarely available and with low viability. Studies of morphology, germination and emergence are important for the adequate use of this resource at the time of its availability. The objective of this work was to characterize the morphology of fruits, spikelets and young plants of Dendrocalamus asper, as well as to evaluate techniques for the potentiation of the germination and emergence capacity of the fruits. To identify the morphological characteristics of fruits and spikelets were evaluated: width, length, fresh mass, weight of a thousand units, mass electrical conductivity, degree of humidity and external morphological characteristics. For the morphological characterization of young plants, 37 individuals were evaluated, based on vegetative characteristics such as the characteristics of the stem, branches and leaves. In the germination and emergence test, a completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications of 50 fruits, a 2x4 factorial scheme in a total of 8 treatments (two storage temperatures and four fruit treatments), where was determined total germination (GT), germination speed index (IVG), total emergency (ET) and emergency speed index (IVE). In vitro germination of fruits was carried out in MS medium modified with 5 mg.L-1 BAP, solidified with agar. The spikelet is fusiform to ellipsoid, glabrous, straw color with 5.94 mm long by 3.47 mm wide and 0.02 g mass, on average. The fruit is caryopse type, fusiform to subglobous, with smooth pericarp, glabrous and rigid, brown color, 4.08 mm long by 2.56 mm wide and 0.018 g mass, on average. For fruits with glumes (spikelets): the weight of a thousand units was 18.749 g, humidity degree of 20% and electrical conductivity of 33.16 μS.cm-1.g-1. For fruits without glumes: the weight of a thousand units was 16.184 g, humidity degree of 11% and electrical conductivity of 10.12 μS.cm-1.g-1. The young plant with 170 days presented a pachymorph rhizome, herbaceous stem, erect, cylindrical, pilous, green to purplish, with a mean of 278.02 mm (64.61-419 mm) in height and 3.83 mm (1, 03-5.4 mm) in diameter. Pilous internode, hollow and without thorns. Leaves of the stem erect, pseudopetiolate, alternated, with coloration ranging from light green (46%), dark green (43%), variegated (8%) and albino (3%). Pilous leaf limbus, lanceolate with rosy apex. Sheath closed, without cerosity, pilous, of greenish to purplish color, covering the whole culm. Clear and pilous ligule. Storage temperatures and interaction between storage temperatures and fruit treatment did not have a significant influence on the germination and emergence of D. asper caryopses. Fruit treatments had a significant influence on the germination and emergence of D. asper caryopses. The best treatment (fruits without glumes) had on average 4.5% of germination, germination rate index of 1.07, 2.5% of emergence and index of emergency speed of 0.20. The in vitro germination rate was 65.85%. It was concluded that the treatments of fruits influence the germination capacity of caryopses and the emergence of seedlings, and the removal of glumes were the best results. The in vitro germination of D. asper is viable, being a potentially more efficient alternative to the increase of the germination rate of the species.
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ARAUJO, Cristhian Lorraine Pires. Caracterização e germinação de Dendrocalamus asper (Schultes f.) Backer ex Heyne (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). 2017. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.