Ao redor do Olimpo: entre a cultura da competição e a da solidariedade humana nas atividades esportivas

Abstract

This PhD thesis is related to the following area of expertise: Culture and Educational Processes of the Postgraduate Program in Education at the School of Education of the Federal University of Goiás. The object of study is the importance of competition for human development, highlighting its constituent kinesthetic elements. From ancient times to the present, competition has always been implicitly or explicitly present in the lives of human beings, whether in competitive practices with others or with oneself, not limited to the sports or the economic field. However, we found from this research that competitive practices mobilize human interests and needs for survival, socialization and especially in educational actions. The objective is, through bibliographical research, to understand the importance of competition for human development, emphasizing its constituent elements, such as health, education, ethics, aesthetics, arts, among others. Thus, it is possible to capture the movement of reality in its multiple determinations, that is, to analyze and reflect on our object of study over time, especially its transformations throughout the history of humanity. Therefore, the study presents as its main references, Rousseau (1972), Jaeger (2013), Paiva (2021), Huizinga (2005), Godoy (1996), Ghiraldelli Jr. (1991), Castellani Filho et al (2012), Soares et al (1992), Le Breton (2012), among others. However, we highlight that the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, mostly the book Emile or on Education has been fundamental to contextualize the object of study. Discussing Rousseauian concepts on topics such as body and mind, objectivity and rationality, biological and physiological we came to realize that Rousseau can be classified as classic of Physical Education, since he is present in the theoretical and methodological roots of this area. Therefore, the final considerations points out that competition is fundamental for human development. However, to interpret it and conduct it correctly in educational environments, it is necessary to overcome reductionism, understanding competitive practices as an element linked to education, culture, politics and philosophy, regardless of the historical determinations of society. Ultimately, competition is a human condition. Thus, there is a pedagogical meaning to the competition.