Melhoramento de feijoeiro-comum com grãos pretos para resistência a murcha-de-fusário
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2016-09-20
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporium f sp phaseoli, is
considered one of the most important diseases affecting the common bean crop,
especially in areas of intense and successive crops in the winter crop. There is little
information about the variability of the pathogen and few common bean cultivars used
in Brazil are resistant. The objectives of this study were to identify lines of common
bean, previously characterized as resistant to fusarium wilt under controlled
conditions, which combine resistance to fusarium wilt in the field and other favorable
characters; obtain and select segregating populations of common bean with black
beans resistant to fusarium wilt, with high grain yield and commercial grain size;
select promising black bean lines with resistance to fusarium wilt, high grain yieldy
and mass of 100 grains; estimate correlations and genetic and phenotypic parameters
for these three characters. In the evaluation of the elite lines previously obtained as
resistant to fusarium wilt, the tests were conducted in a randomized block design with
three replications and plots consisting of four rows of four meters. Six lines were used,
one carioca and five black beans, along with five cultivars in 28 experiments, between
the years 2009 to 2011, in wet, winter and rainy growing seasons, at Paraná, Distrito
Federal and Goiás States. In these trials were carried out evaluations for grain yield,
plant architecture, lodging tolerance, reaction to fusarium wilt and reaction to
anthracnose. Variance and mean grouping test analyzes were performed for the data
obtained from five traits and analysis of adaptability and stability was realized for
grain yield, using the method Nunes. For obtaining and selecting segregating
populations under field conditions, the segregating populations were obtained from
crosses in complete diallel scheme. Crosses were realized with eight lines with black
granis and with different levels of resistance to fusarium wilt. The trials were
composed by 28 populations obtained and two cultivars, one resistant and one
susceptible to fusarium wilt. The populations obtained were evaluated in a randomized
block design with three replications, in F2, F3 and F4, in winter/2012, winter/2013
and winter/2014, respectively. The three trials were conducted in Santo Antônio de
Goiás in field infested by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli under irrigation by
central pivot. The reaction to fusarium wilt, grain yield and weight of 100 grains were
evaluated. Analyses were performed for individual and joint variance and for reaction
to fusarium wilt was also carried out diallel analysis according Griffing (1956). Means
were grouped using the Scott knot test. From the data obtained, two segregating
populations were selected. 58 lines from each population were obtained, totalizing
116 lines which were evaluated with five controls. The evaluation of the lines was
carried out in the winter/2015 in triple lattice design 11x11 with plots of two lines of
3 meters, also in Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO, in naturally infested area. There is
variability in reaction to fusarium wilt, grain yield, plant architecture, lodging tolerance
and reaction to anthracnose, among the lines evaluated. The genotype x environment
interaction is important for the five characters evaluated. The five lines of black beans
(CNFP 15867, CNFP 15870, CNFP 15869, CNFP 15868 and CNFP 15871) were resistant
to fusarium wilt. Already CNFC 15872 line, with carioca grain, showed moderately
susceptible. The CNFP 15867 and CNFP 15870 lines showed potential for use in
breeding. BRS Esplendor cultivars and BRS Notavel are also good choices for planting
in areas with fusarium wilt, with good agronomic performance. Regarding the
evaluation of segregating populations was detected genetic variability for the three
characters. The diallel analysis for reaction to wilt fusarium showed difference
between the general combining ability (CGC) of parents and between the specific
combination capacity (CEC) of the populations. The resistance to fusarium wilt was
explained by additive and non-additive effects. The CNFP 15867 line showed positive
estimate of CGC, been indicated for new crosses. Considering together, the mean of
population for all traits and diallel analysis for reaction to fusarium wilt, populations
BRS Esplendor x BRS Expedito and BRS Expedito x CNFP 15867 were selected.
Considering the lines obtained from these two populations, the estimates of
heritability, genetic variance and gain expected selection were high for the three
traits, indicating good chance of successful selection. Considering the simultaneous
selection, it was possible to obtain gains for the three traits, especially for reaction to
fusarium wilt (31%). Eight lines have been identified that meet resistance to fusarium
wilt, high grain yield and good grain size. There was a significant genetic correlation
between fusarium wilt and grain yield, so lines resistant to fusarium wilt present high
grain yield.
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PEREIRA, D. G. Melhoramento de feijoeiro-comum com grãos pretos para resistência a murcha-de-fusário. 2016. 99 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.