Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttp://200.137.215.59/tede/handle/tde/185

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População-alvo de ambientes e modelagem da interação de genótipos por ambientes em feijão-comum
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-07-11) Cruz, Demila Duarte da Mata; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248301627149286; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248301627149286; Torga, Paula Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7768777175752251; Menezes, Renato de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0299301129192549
Environmental variability associated with global climate change imposes significant challenges to agriculture. In this context, understanding the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction becomes essential to develop adapted and stable cultivars with high performance under diverse conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of G × E interaction on the productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through the analysis of multi-environment trials (METs) conducted by Embrapa Rice and Beans between 2011 and 2018. A total of 424 experimental trials were analyzed, including 241 carioca-type and 183 black-type trials, totaling 87 genotypes evaluated across 71 locations. The Target Population of Environments (TPE) was characterized using the TPEmap function, which, based on geographic polygons, allows parametrizations such as pixel size, buffers, and concavity. This approach enabled the identification of the spatial pattern of experiments and facilitated the integration of genotypic, environmental, and spatial data in envirotyping studies. The estimation of genetic and environmental effects was performed using REML/BLUP mixed linear models, complemented by multivariate analyses such as GGE Biplot and missing data imputation through principal component analysis (PCA). Environmental stratification and the definition of mega-environments allowed grouping locations with similar characteristics based on the presence or absence of G × E interaction and highlighted the influence of geographic distance on phenotypic responses. The analysis of cultivar stability and adaptability was based on a ranking derived from the PRVG, MHPRVG, Lin and Binns, Wi, and FW indices, considering their specificities, and revealed distinct behavioral patterns across growing seasons. The results underscore the fundamental role of integrated statistical modeling and spatial analysis in cultivar recommendation, guiding common bean breeding strategies in the face of environmental heterogeneity.
Avaliação da resistência do feijão-comum a Meloidogyne incognita
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-08-22) Souza, Lucas Fernandes de; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4523999698824309; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; Costa, Nayana Valéria; Melo, Patricia Guimarães Santos; Vianello, Rosana Pereira
Embargado
Micropropagação, tricomas glandulares, componentes químicos do óleo essencial e atividade antimelanogênica de extratos das folhas de Cyanocephalus rugosus (Benth.) Harley & J. F. B. Pastore (Lamiaceae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-26) Souza, Leandro Lira; Faria, Maria Tereza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7273792981547805; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Romano, Camila Aline
Embargado
Uso de covariáveis ambientais para predição da interação de clones de cana-de-açúcar com ambientes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-27) Reis, Laryssa barbosa de Souza; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8695921024674566; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3010477708916212; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes De; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; Alves, Filipe Couto
The evaluation of genotypes in multi-environment trials that represent the diversity of cultivation conditions is one of the main challenges of plant breeding programs. In perennial or semi-perennial species, such as sugarcane, this challenge is amplified by prolonged experimentation over several harvest seasons. The use of environmental covariables has proven to be a promising approach to increase the efficiency of genotype selection. This study aimed to evaluate different models for predicting the performance of sugarcane clones in distinct environments using environmental covariables. Phenotypic data for yield (tons of stalks per hectare) were obtained from 53 trials conducted by the Sugarcane Breeding Program (PMGCA/UFG/Ridesa) between 2012 and 2022. Envirotyping data for 32 environmental covariates were collected from NASA's POWER platform. Six Bayesian ridge regression models were developed, integrating different combinations of genotypic effects (G), trial effects (E), environmental covariates (V), and their interactions. To evaluate the models, two cross-validation schemes were used, 5-fold and leave-one-out, representing the following scenarios, respectively: (1) the ability of the models to predict genotype performance in trials where they were not evaluated; (2) the ability of models with covariates to predict genotype performance in untested environments. Predictive ability was assessed globally and by individual trial. In scenario 1, global predictive abilities ranged from 0.93 to 0.13, while predictive ability by trial ranged from 0.50 to 0.16. In scenario 2, global predictive abilities ranged from 0.47 to 0.01, and by trial from 0.58 to 0.21. Models without environmental covariates, G + E and G + E + G × E, proved suitable for filling information gaps in breeding programs. The G + V model, although it did not consider genotype × environmental covariables interactions, stood out as the most promising option for cultivar recommendations in locations without prior data. The results highlight differences in the performance of the tested models and the importance of considering environmental variability in the interpretation of predictions. Identifying trials with low predictive ability is essential to guide data collection strategies and improve models capable of effectively handling environmental complexity.
Variabilidade genética de progênies de feijão-comum do grupo preto do quarto ciclo de seleção recorrente para produtividade
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-11) Alves, Eduardo Almeida; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Silva Filho, João Luis da; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes
Grain yield remains the primary objective of plant breeding programs. Due to the quantitative and polygenic nature of this trait, recurrent selection methods are the most appropriate for achieving rapid and effective genetic gains, as they promote the continuous accumulation of favorable alleles. In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), successful cultivars consistently integrate high yield with commercial grain quality. The present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and assess the genetic diversity of common bean progenies from the third cycle of recurrent selection for grain yield, within the black bean market class, to guide the composition of the subsequent selection and recombination cycle. To obtain experimental populations, 13 parental genotypes were utilized. In the initial generations, 500 progenies were evaluated at the S0:1, S0:2, and S0:3 stages, with 35 progenies selected for advancement to the S0:4 generation. The 35 S0:4 progenies, along with four control cultivars, were evaluated in field trials arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental plots consisted of three-row plots, each three meters in length, across five environments located in the states of Goiás and Paraná. The following agronomic traits were assessed: grain yield (GY) (kg ha⁻¹), 100-seed weight (100M) (g), sieve yield (SY) (%), lodging (LOD), and plant architecture (PAR). Additionally, disease resistance evaluations were conducted for Fusarium oxysporum (FOP) and anthracnose (AN). The genotypic characterization was performed using molecular data obtained from microsatellite (SSR) markers. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance, estimation of genetic parameters, and the calculation of genetic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations. The SSR marker data were used to estimate genetic divergence and population structure. For the selection of superior progenies, the Kennard-Stone algorithm and the Mulamba & Mock selection index were applied. The overall means for GY, 100M, and SY were 2846 kg ha⁻¹, 21.36 g, and 86.70%, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect for genotypes, demonstrating genetic variability among progenies, as well as a significant genotype-by-environment interaction, indicating differential progeny responses across the tested environments. Heritability estimates were high for GY (67.97%) and 100M (90.67%) and intermediate for SY (74.29%). The expected genetic gain based on individual trait selection was 6.01% for GY, 3.47% for 100M, and 2.77% for SY. Molecular analysis revealed inconsistent clustering patterns and a lack of clear genetic structuring. Among the different selection strategies evaluated, the Mulamba & Mock index with economic weighting yielded the highest selection gains for GY (5.65%), 100M (1.29%), and SY (1.23%). Based on these results, ten superior progenies were selected for inclusion in the next recombination cycle. These progenies will be used to develop new elite lines and to generate the population for the subsequent cycle of recurrent selection.
Validação de marcadores SSR-Seq para Eugenia klotzschiana O.BERG. (Myrtaceae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-07-18) Corrêa, Sylluana Ribeiro; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Dias, Renata de Oliveira; Ferreira, Ramilla dos Santos Braga; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos
Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg. (Myrtaceae) is popularly known as the Cerrado pear. The species is listed in the group of priority plants for research in the publication “Plants for the Future of the Central-West Region”. The Cerrado pear can be consumed in natura or in the production of jellies and sweets, presenting high nutritional value. Molecular markers are useful tools for the characterization of plant genetic resources. Among the available molecular markers, microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are useful in the investigation of the genetic structure for population studies in plants such as E. klotzschiana, aiding in their conservation and sustainable use. The objective of this study was to establish a base protocol for genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of SSR markers and to make available polymorphic and informative loci for the species E. klotzschiana. Thus, 22 pairs of primers previously developed for the species were used to test genotyping in different multiplex systems, in order to verify the influence of the quantity of primers amplified simultaneously in the detection of alleles. DNA was extracted from the leaf tissue of 37 individuals collected in the municipality of Senador Canedo-GO using the CTAB 2% protocol. To verify the quantity and integrity of the extraction, horizontal electrophoresis was performed in 1% agarose gel. After confirmation of amplification, the primers were tested in different multiplex PCR (mPCR) systems, containing between 5 and 22 pairs of primers per system. The multiplexes were assembled in three tests, with different quantities of primers in the mPCR systems. In test 1 (T1), four multiplexes were assembled with a minimum of five and a maximum of six primers each; in test 2 (T2), two mPCRs were assembled with half the quantity of primers each; in test 3 (T3), a single multiplex was assembled with all primers amplified simultaneously. In order to obtain a better amplification pattern, different primer concentrations were tested for mPCRs. From the validation of the library pool at 4nM, the 500-cycle Miseq v2 cartridge was prepared for sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina® platform. Sequence quality analysis was performed in FastQC and allele calling using the SSR-GBS pipeline. Even with primer concentration adjustment, T1 and T2 presented amplification patterns with more intense bands, when compared to the T3 test in which all 22 primers were used in a single PCR reaction. The analyses suggest that there was great success in microsatellite genotyping by sequencing in E. klotzschiana. Allele calling during sequencing obtained a low base calling error rate, with an average Phred value of 38. As expected, there was a difference in allele calling between tests, with an increase in lost data in test 3. The assignment of alleles that were called the same for the same loci between the T1 and T2 tests was above 90%, with the exception of a single locus that obtained 70% similarity. As the T3 test had a higher rate of genotyping errors that required manual checking (MC), had few reads (PR) and/or were left without amplification (NA), this obtained a lower similarity between the loci evaluated. Finally, the sampled population was predominantly made up of clonal individuals. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of genotyping by sequencing (GBS) for the species E. klotzschiana, providing valuable information for its genetic characterization. These data may contribute to future conservation strategies and sustainable use of the Cerrado pear.
Diversidade molecular de fungos em lesões de ferrugem alaranjada da cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-19) Ferreira, Laís Gabriela Ramos; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8695921024674566; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3010477708916212; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes de; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; Chaves, Lázaro José; Silva, Rodrigo de Souza
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a crop of great importance both globally and nationally. However, one of the limiting factors for this crop has been the presence of phytopathogens in producing areas, affecting plant health and causing low productivity. Among the main diseases affecting sugarcane, orange rust stands out due to the high destructive capacity of its pathogen. Orange rust is caused by the basidiomycete Puccinia kuehnii, which was first reported in Brazil in 2009. The use of resistant cultivars has been the most widely used control method for orange rust in sugarcane fields. This strategy has been adopted in Brazil, but the breakdown of resistance in previously classified resistant cultivars shows that the efficacy of this method is limited and requires a better understanding of the molecular evolution of this pathogen. The objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis of the fungus Puccinia kuehnii and other associated fungi, aiming to understand the molecular diversity of these organisms. Leaves with symptoms of orange rust were collected, and the spores present in the lesions were subjected to DNA extraction and ITS region amplification via PCR, followed by sequencing using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using probabilistic approaches, generating consensus trees with 10 million generations in the MrBayes program, visualized and edited in FigTree. The results revealed the presence of three fungal species in the orange rust lesions: Puccinia kuehnii, Sphaerellopsis paraphysata, and Hyweljonesia queenslandica. The phylogenetic analysis indicated significant molecular diversity among the P. kuehnii isolates, highlighting the need to collect samples from at least three distinct points, as sampled in this study, to represent the fungus's variability. Additionally, the identification of Sphaerellopsis paraphysata in the lesions reinforces its potential use in the biological control of orange rust, while the presence of Hyweljonesia queenslandica, still poorly documented in the literature, highlights the need for further studies to elucidate its ecological role and potential impact on sugarcane cultivation.
Micropropagação, caracterização dos tricomas glandulares foliares e análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais de Hyptis pycnocephala Benth. (Lamiaceae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-23) Chaga, Laila Tiago; Faria, Maria Tereza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7273792981547805; Paula, José Realino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3191837532986128; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov , Sérgio Tadeu; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; Antar, Guilherme de Medeiros
Hyptis pycnocephala Benth., is a native and endemic species of Brazil, with distribution in the cerrados of Tocantins and Goiás, in this, it is restricted to the region of Chapada dos Veadeiros. It is known by the traditional Kalunga community as “alecrim-do-campo”, and is used in the treatment of respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal disorders. The species is endangered due to deforestation and fragmentation of its natural habitat, the Cerrado. In this context, the objectives of this work were: to develop a micropropagation protocol, to characterize the leaf micromorphology and the essential oil components of the species. The plant material was collected in the municipality of Cavalcante, GO. H. pycnocephala seeds were decontaminated and used in in vitro germination tests with different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3). The seedlings obtained were used to test the media for in vitro establishment, between MS media; MS½; WPM. For multiplication, the influence of cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and different concentrations of auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for rooting was tested. For acclimatization, substrates with different amounts of gully soil, commercial substrate and sand were tested. For the micromorphological analyses, the usual techniques of plant anatomy were used. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus and the constituents were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In vitro germination has better results with 144.5 µM GA3. For in vitro establishment, the WPM medium proved to be the best. For shoot multiplication, the use of 6.66 µM of BAP is indicated and for rooting, the use of auxins is not necessary. For acclimatization, there were no significant differences for the substrate, however, roots with less than 1 cm provided lower performances. A morphological and histochemical diversity was observed in the glandular trichomes present in the leaves of H. pycnocephala, both in field and micropropagated plants. Two types have been identified: peltado and capitate. Among the capitates, six types have been described. Different essential oil yields and chemical composition were obtained between leaves collected in the field when compared to micropropagated ones. Essential oils were mainly made up of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes. The major compounds are endo-fenchol, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene both in samples from micropropagation and those collected in nature. Plants from in vitro cultivation showed higher yields compared to other samples and new compounds such as Dauca-4 (11), 7-diene and δ-3-Carene and increased levels of β-caryophyllene and endo-fenchol. These promising results will support future research on medicinal properties and commercial applications, in addition to contributing to the conservation of H. pycnocephala.
Estabilidade e potencial produtivo de linhagens de feijão-comum desenvolvidas sob fixação biológica de nitrogênio avaliadas em multi-ambientes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-31) Caetano, João Pedro Miranda; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Vidotti, Miriam Suzane; Dias, Polianna Alves Silva; Melo, Leonardo Cunha
Chemical nitrogen fertilization is a common practice in bean fertilization, but it is expensive and can have negative environmental impacts, as well as synthetic fertilizer not being a renewable source. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is one of the most sustainable ways of supplying legumes with nitrogen. In the last two decades, BNF has returned to the focus of common bean breeding programs, mainly by evaluating the potential of strains for BNF in various environments, with a view to recommending adapted and stable genotypes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance and productive stability of elite common bean lines of the carioca group developed under BNF. The lines were obtained by crossing the genitors CNFC10762 and the wild accession G234999A, which has a high BNF rate but few favorable agronomic characteristics. After backcrossing, the progenies that were advanced and selected under BNF were obtained. The 15 elite lines (L) obtained and three check genotypes were evaluated in six environments, made up of the combination of location/harvest/year. Two experiments were conducted in each environment, one with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen through mineral fertilizers and the other inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei without mineral nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, and the plots were made up of three three-metre rows spaced 0.5 m apart. Individual and joint analyses of variance were carried out for grain yield and the stability analysis was done using the WAASB method, which combines the predictive capacity of the BLUP mixed model with the graphical tools of the AMMI model. The effect of the L x FN interaction was significant (P<0.01), with the genotypes performing better when there was nitrogen fertilization. Among these strains, CNFC10762 and CNFC20367 had the best performance and productive stability when both N sources were considered, i.e. they have dual aptitude characteristics and are adapted to both mineral N and BNF systems. For inoculated environments, the control CNFC10762 and the genotypes CNFC20389, CNFC20367 and CNFC20379 stood out, showing the best relationship between productive performance and stability. Common bean breeding was unable to develop lines, originating from wild germplasm, that are more productive than the controls genotypes developed under an exclusive system of mineral N fertilization. The lines from this work will be indicated as progenitors to form new breeding base populations.
Propagação vegetativa por alporquia e otimização de protocolo de estabelecimento in vitro de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Tiago, Bruno dos Santos; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Ganga, Rita Maria Devós; Aguiar, Renata Alves de
Hancornia speciosa Gomes, popularly known as mangabeira, is a native fruit species of the Cerrado used for food purposes and as herbal medicine. Currently, due to habitat loss and predatory extraction, there is a great demand in more studies for the conservation and use of this fruit species. The main challenge for the in vitro establishment of the species is the high number of endophytic agents (fungi and bacteria) that are present in plant tissues. This makes it more difficult to introduce plant material into the in vitro culture. This work aimed to optimize the in vitro establishment protocols in addition to carrying out vegetative propagation, via layering, generating clones of matrix plants. For the in vitro establishment of one of the varieties of the species, var. gardineri, first the fall fruits were collected in the Collection of Native Fruits of the Cerrado of the School of Agronomy at UFG. Fruits were pulped and 80 seeds were selected, which had their tegument removed and proceeded to the decontamination process. In a laminar flow chamber, two groups of seeds were separated: 40 seeds were opened and their embryos exposed, isolated and inoculated in MS culture medium; the other 40 seeds were inoculated directly in MS culture medium. To test the effect of stretching on reducing the period of development in vitro, embryos were inoculated in treatments with 0, 1, 2 and 4 μM of gibberellic acid (GA3) and later in a second experiment in MS medium with 1,0 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), with lower concentrations of GA3: 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1 μM. For the next stage, treatments were carried out to root the new shoots with indolbutyric acid (IBA) in concentrations 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg.mL-1 . The germination of the isolated embryos showed less than 5% of contamination and was 30% faster when compared to the seed. The effect of GA3 on isolated embryos allowed the plant to elongate with 0.8 μM, reaching 130 mm in 75 days, reducing in vitro cultivation by more than 100 days. In rooting, the concentration of 1 mg.mL-1 of AIB allowed more than 9 roots per plant and an average length of 54 mm. The acclimatization of the treatment plants took place on substrate with 50% sand and 50% broad red soil with commercial substrate. In this process, mortality was less than 10%. The layering experiments were carried out with four varieties of H. speciosa: gardineri, speciosa, cuyabensis and pubescens and in two different seasons: the dry season, and the rainy season. AIB was used to induce rooting at concentrations of 0, 4, 5 and 6 mg.mL-1 , with 15 ml per branch. The substrate used was soil humidified with commercial substrate fixed to the ringed branch. After 180 days, the best results were in the concentration of 5 mg.mL-1 in the four varieties used. However, the results for each variety were at different times of the year, due to the specific phenological phases.
Desenvolvimento de marcadores ambientômicos para arroz de terras altas (Oryza sativa L.) em território brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-30) Bahia, Marco Antônio Marcelino; Teixeira, Sônia Milagres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596947832723945; Sette Júnior, Carlos Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6511764239807115; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248301627149286; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Zaidan, Úrsula Ramos
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple foods in the Brazilian diet, and therefore, its cultivation and productive independence are strategically essential for ensuring the population's food security. Within rice farming, selecting the appropriate genotype for planting is the factor that most strongly impacts the outcome of the endeavor. In order to support this decision-making process, enviromics has been applied with the objective of selecting genotypes with higher productive potential for specific areas of interest. The aim of this study was to generate and analyze the contribution of enviromic markers to the total upland rice production data in Brazilian territory. The experimental data were provided by Embrapa Rice and Beans and involved the evaluation of 2,119 rice genotypes in 187 municipalities or localities across the country, spanning the period from 1982 to 2018. For the generation of enviromic markers, data from the SoilGrids, WorldClim, and NASA POWER platforms were used, resulting in a total of 393 environmental covariates collected. The generation of enviromic markers was performed using the Monte Carlo method, with 10,000 iterations and always considering the presence of the 187 municipalities where the Embrapa experiments were conducted. The Random Forest package and the IncMSE and IncNodePurity methods were used to evaluate the importance of each covariate for the model applied throughout the Brazilian territory. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for seasonal precipitation was the most important covariate for both models.
Efeito da superexpressão do gene OVP1 em parâmetros fisiológicos e caracteres relacionados a produtividade de grãos em arroz de terras altas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-05) Rocha, Dhiôvanna Corrêia; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Prado, Guilherme Souza
Population growth, climate change and reduction of area for cultivation are some of challenges that agriculture has been facing in recent years, making it necessary to develop cultivars to meet global demand for food. The highland rice cultivar BRSMG Curinga was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens to overexpress the OVP1 gene. OVP1 gene encodes a protein that pumps protons across membranes using the energy from breaking down inorganic pyrophosphate (Pi) and trigger various metabolic and morphological changes in plants. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of some traits related to grain yield, physiology, and gene expression of genetically modified (GM) rice that overexpressed the OVP1 gene (OVP1-E4) compared to the non-genetically modified (NGM). Two experiments were carried out under controlled conditions at Embrapa Rice and Beans in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The experimental design was based on complete randomized blocks with eight repetitions for the first experiment and four for the second. Some traits related to grain yield in rice and physiological data were collected with the IRGA device during the reproductive phase (stages R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8 e R9), making it possible to estimate the carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) and the instantaneous (A/E) and intrinsic water (A/Gs) use efficiency were estimated. The OVP1 gene was quantified by RT-qPCR and the transcriptome was evaluated through RNAseq. A joint analysis of variance (p<0.05) was performed for the collected data in the two experiments. The OVP1-E4 event stood out for producing 21% more grains per panicle and 31% more filled grains than NGM. Significant physiological changes were found during grain filling (R6). At this stage, the OVP1-E4 event showed an increase of 61% in the photosynthetic rate and was 89% more efficient in carboxylation than NGM, without the occurrence of an increase in stomatal conductance and in the transpiratory rate. GM plants were also more efficient in using water. OVP1 gene was more expressed in the OVP1-E4 event during the grain filling period, and genes involved in photosynthesis were up-regulated in GM plants. Overexpression of OVP1 gene resulted in plants with physiological and phenotypic changes that pave the way for the development of rice cultivars more physiologically more efficient and more productive.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens de arroz de terras altas por meio da lógica fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-05) Maciel, Douglas de Oliveira; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Ramos, Paulo Henrique; Botelho, Flavia Barbosa Silva
The selection of lines for characters of agronomic interest is done with evaluations in different environments. As the environments are diversified and several lines are evaluated, it is expected that the interaction between genotypes by environments will occur, and that it will play an important role in the manifestation of the phenotype. Adaptability and stability studies have been used in breeding programs to help the selection process where the interaction of genotypes by environments has been reported. The evaluation is based on parameters provided by methodologies and requires the breeder's experience, making it difficult as the number of evaluated genotypes increases. Fuzzy logic stands out for allowing the automation of decision making, and also classifying how much a genotype belongs to each set. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability through fuzzy logic, using data on agronomic characters of upland rice from the breeding program of UFG and partners. Eight lines from the UFG breeding program, ten from UFLA and two commercial cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, plant height and number of days to flowering, in VCU trials at six locations in the state of Goiás in four agricultural years, in the 2017/18 to 2020/21 harvests. The trials varied between locations over the years, totaling thirteen environments for grain yield and plant height, and eight environments for number of days to flowering. The design was complete randomized blocks, with three replications, and plots of four lines of 4 meters, spaced by 0.45 meters. The useful area considered was 3 meters from the central lines. The adaptability and stability analyzes considered a fuzzy controller based on the Eberhart and Russell (1966) method, and a hybrid controller, based on the Lin and Binss (1988) methods, modified by Carneiro (1998) and associated with Eberhart and Russell (1966). Both controllers classified the lines into four sets in terms of performance relative to adaptability and stability (general, poorly adapted, favorable environments, unfavorable environments). The CSD 08004 line showed broad adaptability and stability for plant height and grain yeld, in addition to a pertinence value close to classification as adaptability and general stability for the number of days to flowering. Thus, the CSD 08004 line can be recommended for cultivation in the region of the State of Goiás.
Potencial genético e correlação entre caracteres em população de milho branco
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-23) Watanabe, Ikio Aline Monteiro; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4968560508763713; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; Rodrigues, Fabrício
White maize is used for human consumption in the form of grits, flour and starch. It stands out as an alternative to small farmers, as it has a higher commercial value. However, there are few white maize cultivars on the market, and it is important to develop higher yield cultivars of this type. Among the several maize breeding methods, recurrent selection stands out for allowing the increase of the frequency of favorable alleles in population for several selective cycles. However, recurrent selection is only effective when using populations with good averages and genetic variability for the traits of interest. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance, genetic variability and expected genetic gains of a white maize population; and to estimate the genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations between agronomic traits, including grain yield. For this purpose, 169 half-siblings progênies were evaluated using a 13 x 13 triple lattice design, in 2018 second crop, in the UFG, Goiânia-GO and UFJ, Jataí-GO. The traits evaluated were: number of days to anthesis, number of days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, ear ratio, stalk lodging, ear prolificacy, kernels per row, number of kernels per row, ear diameter, ear length, cob diameter, ear weight and grain yield. Significant differences were found among progenies for all traits, except stalk lodging, indicating the presence of variability. The genetic gains with selection ranged from -26.26%, for anthesis-silking interval, to 9.04%, for ear prolificacy. All traits, except ear diameter, exhibited at least one significant genetic, phenotypic or environmental correlation estimate, indicating that changes in one trait may change the mean of other correlated. It is concluded the white maize population presents genetic variability and satisfactory means for most agronomic traits, including grain yield; thereefore, the population has the potential to be used in a recurrent selection program. Indirect selection for grain yield is possible through direct selection for number of kernels per row and ear weight.
Relações filogenéticas entre isolados fúngicos de Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f., de Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) e de Rhizoctonia spp. Fitopatogênicas ao arroz e ao feijão
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-21) Luzini, Aline Pereira; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3733-7059; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Pereira, Marlon Corrêa; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes
The orchids Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum (epiphyte) and Epidendrum nocturnum (rupicola) occur in areas anthropized of cerrado and cerrado rupestre, respectively. Even though, Rhizoctonia sp. is pathogenic to various crops, it is one of the more frequent genera among the microrrhizal fungi. Studies on fungal phylogenetics utilizing the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of rDNA are important for evaluating specificity between plant and fungus, the evolutionary history of species and host - pathogen interactions. The objective of the present study include molecular characterization and establishment of phylogenetic relationships among endophytic/micorrhizal fungi isolates of C. saintlegerianum and of E. nocturnum pertaining to genera Rhizoctonia sp., Xylaria sp. and isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. pathogenic to rice and common beans and of isolates obtained from Genbank. The genomic DNA of one micorrhizal isolate, two of Xylaria sp. (endophytic), and four of rice and bean pathogens were extracted, and soon after sequencing of ITS 1 and ITS2 of nrDNA was done. The phylogenetic relations, inferred by Bayesian analysis among the rhizoctonia-like isolates of the present study and found in GenBank showed three clusters, and Xylarioides showed one cluster. The molecular results of micorrhizal Rhizoctonia sp. and Xylariodes are in close agreement with the results on morphology. The micorrhizal isolates formed one poliphyletic clad with the isolates of the GenBank. The micorrhizal isolate of Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from E. nocturnum formed one lineage different from Rhizoctonia spp. originating from other orchid species of GenBank. The Xylarioides isolates obtained in the present study showed lineage different of the found in GenBank.
Diversidade genética de BGMV em linhagens elite de feijoeiro-comum
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-30) Bertholdo, Naíze Motta; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Dianese, Érico de Campos; Araújo, Leila Garcês de
Brazil is the main common bean consumer in the world, also being the main producer, whose production supply the intern market. Among the factors that influence the productivity, the wide distribution of Bean golden mosaic virus in common bean fields is very important because it can cause chlorosis, leaf crumpling and stunting, and lead up to 100% yield losses. As a response to that, Embrapa developed, through the RNAi approach, a transgenic common bean line with resistance to the Bean golden mosaic virus. Nonetheless, the presence of a resistance gene can increase the selection pressure over the pathogen, that can mutate and overcome the resistance. Despite being DNA viruses, it is described that in species of Begomovirus, the genus of the BGMV, mutation rates are similar to those of RNA viruses. Nevertheless, until now, BGMV has shown smaller genetic variability compared to other species of the genus. The objective of this work was to characterize BGMV populations that infect different common bean elite lines, transgenic and conventional, in two locations: Brasília and Santo Antônio de Goiás. To that, leaf samples from different elite lines were collected in Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials, searching for differences in viral populations from different sources. We used a strategy widely used on studies related to other living beings: next generation DNA sequencing followed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping. The SNPs obtained were used to carry out genetic diversity analysis. The estimates of the proportion of polymorphic sites and of Nei’s gene diversity revealed a greater genetic diversity in viral populations sampled in transgenic plants. The results suggest that, despite the restriction to the viral replication and, therefore, of smaller viral populations, the necessary conditions to the occurrence of selection pressure are given. In the genetic structure analysis, a significant effect was attributed to localities, as has been widely described in literature.
Análise comparativa de sequências completas de genomas de cloroplasto de Pterodon emarginatus e Pterodon pubescens (Leguminosae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-11) Freitas, Juliana Borges Pereira Brito; Taquary, Adriana Maria Antunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8869318023800691; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Dias, Renata de Oliveira
FREITAS, J. B. P. B. Comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequences of Pterodon emarginatus and P. pubescens (Leguminosae). 2020. Dissertation (Master in Genetics and Plant Breeding) – School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.¹ The chloroplast is a cellular organelle that has its own genome. Several projects of chloroplast genome sequencing have been developed with species of the legume group, family to which the species Pterodon emarginatus and P. pubescens belong. These two species of the genus Pterodon are native to the Cerrado biome, are popularly known as sucupira branca or faveira, and have potential for medicinal use and lumber. The present work aimed to know and compare the structure and organization of the chloroplastidial genomes of P. emarginatus and P. pubescens, in order to collaborate with the knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships between these species. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genomes were assembled using a de novo strategy associated with reference genome guided assembly. Annotation of genes and repetitive regions of the genomes was performed. In addition, nucleotide diversity was estimated and phylogenetic relationships of these species with other species of the Leguminosae family, whose chloroplastid genomes are available in databases, were analyzed. These diversity and phylogeny analyses were performed based on the gene sequences of the chloroplastidial genomes. The complete sequence of the chloroplastidial genome of P. emarginatus is 159,823 bp, while that of P. pubescens is 159,818 bp. Both genomes have a quadripartite structure, composed of two inverted regions (IR) with 25,584 bp in both species, separated by a short single copy region (SSC), with 19,359 bp and 19,367 bp, respectively, for P. pubescens and P. emarginatus and a long single copy region (LSC), with 89,291 bp in P. pubescens and 89,288 bp in P. emarginatus. A total of 127 genes were predicted in the chloroplast genome in both species, among which, 109 single copy genes and 18 duplicated genes in the inverted regions. A total of 143 microsatellite regions were identified in P. emarginatus and 141 in P. pubescens. The gene content was similar to that of other chloroplastidial genomes of legume species, with an emphasis on similarity with Dipteryx alata and Styphnolobium japonicum, with few exceptions of gene losses and gains. Nucleotide diversity estimates of gene regions were 0.062 in LSC, 0.076 in SSC, and 0.036 in IR. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the proximity between the genera Pterodon and Dipteryx, both from the clade Dipterygeae as well as the close relationship between the clades ADA and Cladrastis. The genetic information obtained on the chloroplastidial genomes of P. emarginatus and P. pubescens in this study reinforces the similarity and evolutionary proximity between these species. These results may contribute to other studies, such as molecular systematics and population genetics and phylogeography.
Capacidade de combinação de híbridos simples de milho e interação com épocas de plantio
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-30) Castro, Laís Lopes de; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8695921024674566; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Souza, João Cândido de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos
The high yield obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic breeding. The high productivity obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic improvement. Within the breeding programs, one of the most important decision-making is the formation and choice of the base populations used in the breeding, as they are the ones that will extract the superior strains, so they must gather favorable alleles for characteristics of interest, and for that it is necessary to include several parents in the genealogy of a population. A good strategy for the formation of base populations is the identification of simple high-performance hybrids with high combining capacities for the characteristics of interest. The objective of this study was to identify promising parents and crosses for population formation for the UFG maize breeding program, considering four planting seasons. For the identification of the best parents to compose the new base population, they were evaluated in Goiânia-GO in four planting seasons during the 2018/2019 harvest under a complete diallel genetic design, 6 parents (simple hybrids) and 15 crosses (double hybrids) totaling 21 treatments in the diallel scheme and 5 other controls for comparison purposes. As the behavior of the genotypes is greatly influenced by environmental variations, the analysis of genotype interaction with environments like GGE Biplot was performed. The plant height and ear height characters can be used for selection in the four environments based on the CGC values. There was no pattern of behavior for the determination coefficient estimates (R2) over the four experiments. Parent G1 was better for decreasing the corn cycle with negative flowering values, but in general it presented poor values for CGC and CEC. Parents G2, G3 and G4 showed the best CGC values for the primary production components, and parent G5 as the most stable, although with CGC below the general average. The G1 x G2 cross obtained the highest CEC and at the same time was the most unstable. The G1 x G4, G3 x G6 and G1 x G6 crosses were the most stable and with CEC values higher than the general averag
Potencial genético de germoplasma elite de feijão carioca para resistência ao mofo-branco
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-05-07) Silva, Letícia Iannacone Di Maio; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Silva Filho, João Luis da
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents an important source of protein and fiber on human nutrition and Brazil stands out on the production and consumption of this leguminous, especially those of the carioca market class. The incidence of white mold, one of the most destructive diseases of bean, is among the factors responsible for the reduction of the productivity and the increasing of the production costs, meanly in winter irrigated crops, in which the microclimatic conditions such as mild temperatures and high humidity contribute for a higher proliferation of the disease. There are few cultivars or Brazilian bean elite lines that have partial resistance to the white mold, thus, the objectives of this paper are: (i) to characterize cultivars and elite lines of the carioca bean regarding the reaction to the white mold on the field and in a controlled environment aiming to select resistance sources and (ii) to estimate genetical parameters and number of genes controlling the character for resistance to white mold in a controlled environment utilizing the RILs K-407 × BRS Cometa population. During the characterization of the cultivars and elite lines the field trials were held in Goianira (GO), and Oratorios (MG), and in controlled environment it was utilized the modified straw test. A 1 to 9 visual score scale was utilized for the evaluation of the trials. The data were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing mixed models through REML / BLUP and the best genotypes were selected by their selection coincidence coefficient. Accordingly to the results the elite lineages selected as resistant both in the field and controlled environment were CNFC 16820, CNFC 15875, CNFC 15859 and CNFC 15458, in addition to the cultivars BRS Notável and BRS Sublime. These genotypes could be indicated for growing or as parents with partial resistance to white mold in genetic breeding programs. During the white mold resistance parameters estimation study for the population of RILs BRS Cometa × K-407, 140 RILs on the F9:10 generation were artificially inoculated through the modified straw test and the disease severity was evaluated through a 1 to 9 score scale. It was employed a mixed models methodology to analyze the data. The heritability in the broad sense was moderate (0.60), the calculation of the number of genes indicated the presence of two loci of greater effect controlling the character and the relative coefficient of variation was superior to 1, indicating good experimental precision and favorable situation for the selection.
Mapeamento de QTL para caracteres de importância agronômica em arroz no cruzamento Araguaia X Maninjau
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-30) Santos, Jéssica Fernanda Ferreira dos; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira
The productivity of the main food crops will not be sufficient to meet the anticipated demands for food. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food for a large part of the world population, and increasing its productivity has been one of the main objectives of breeding programs in the world, with the aim of developing rice cultivars with greater productive potential and production stability than those available today. Adaptability and stability studies, together with the mapping of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) aiming at the discovery of markers for assisted selection, can boost the obtaining of commercial cultivars that meet the demand for rice grain production. This work aimed to identify: 1) Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) productive, with greater adaptability and stability, and 2) QTLs related to important agronomic characters in a population of RILs from the interspecific crossing Araguaia x Maninjau. The adaptability and stability analysis was performed in two locations (Boa Vista - RR and Goianira - GO) to obtain phenotypic data of four agronomic traits and identification of superior inbred lines. The RILs and the genitors were genotyped by the DArTseq methodology to obtain SNPs markers and silico DArTs for the QTL mapping. After consolidating the data from the field and genotyping experiments, the QTLs analysis was performed considering 234 RILs and 8,911 SNPs and DArTs by the multiple interval mapping method, with LOD≥ 3.0. The interspecific crossing generated enough variability to select superior inbred lines and favorable alleles for QTL mapping. The Goianira experiment showed the most productive RILs (average of 6,455 kg/ha) and the most resistant to lodging (average score of 1.7), while the Boa Vista experiment showed precocious RILs (average of 72.1 days until flowering) and lower plants (average height of 106.51 cm). The genitor Maninjau had a better phenotypic performance for productivity, while Araguaia was more precocious, lower and resistant to lodging. Two line stood out for performing well in different environments for multiple characters. Twenty-two significant QTLs (LOD≥ 3.0) were identified, six for grain yield, five for days to flowering and 11 for plant height, with explained phenotypic variation ranging from 3.94% to 35.36 The QTL PTHT12 for plant height had stability between environments. The QTL mapping confirmed that the genitor Maninjau was the donor of 66.6% of the favorable alleles to increase grain productivity, and that Araguaia was the donor of 100% of the favorable alleles for early flowering and 63.3% for size low in RILs. The line with the best performance are indicated to continue in the breeding program. Potential markers were identified for grain yield, flowering and plant height, and are indicated for the validation step for use in the assisted selection routine of rice breeding programs in Brazil

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