Avaliação do desempenho de funções de proteção aplicadas em Reatores Shunt
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2024-11-21
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The increase in the length of transport lines with high voltage levels has been distributed
in countries with large territorial extensions, resulting in the demand for resources destined
to control these levels. One of the possible adjustments attributed to voltage regulation is
the use of shunt reactors in the lines. This equipment makes voltage regulation possible
because, by absorbing excess capacitive reactives in the line, they maintain voltage within
acceptable ranges for operation. Therefore, given the relevance of shunt reactors for the
proper functioning of transmission lines and the electrical system, it is essential to ensure
the correct functioning of the protection functions applied to shunt reactors. Therefore,
this work presents an investigation into the application of different types of protection
functions traditionally employed by manufacturers in reactors, such as restricted earth
fault protection (REF), directional protection of negative sequence (32QF and 32QR),
differential protection (87) and distance protection (21), which is normally used as a
backup. The logic of each specific function aims to guarantee the operation and selectivity
of protection in different short circuit situations. Therefore, in order to evaluate the
protections, simulations were carried out in the software Alternative Transient Program
(ATP), through which a 500 kV/60 Hz transmission line 400 km long and 60% shunt
compensation was modeled. In the different simulations, different scenarios of internal
short circuits in the reactor were evaluated, covering both the type of turn-to-ground
faults and turn faults. Furthermore, we will understand the best functioning of protection
schemes, external faults were applied to the equipment. Furthermore, we will understand
the best functioning of protection schemes, external faults were applied to the equipment.
Furthermore, a comparative evaluation was carried out between the performance of the
different protection functions investigated, varying several criteria such as the type of
fault, number of coils involved in the short circuit and the values of the leakage factors.
Furthermore, transient analyzes and parametric sensitivity analyzes were performed. Based
on all the results obtained, and comparing different protection schemes implemented
in available commercial relays, it appears that the 21 and 32Q functions stand out,
as similar and better performances were highlighted in relation to the other functions
evaluated. In general, the 21 and 32Q functions work for all turn-to-ground faults and
turn faults, regardless of the number of turns involved and the value of the leakage
factor. Comparatively, the distance function proved to be faster, with an operating time
of less than one cycle. Thus, it is stated that the distance function can also be used as
main protection, together with other traditionally used functions, in order to increase the
performance of the reactor protection scheme.
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FERREIRA, D. G. Avaliação do desempenho de funções de proteção aplicadas em Reatores Shunt. 2024. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação) - Escola de Engenharia Elétrica, Mecânica e de Computação, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2024.