Conflitos territoriais e identidade quilombola da comunidade do Ambé no Amapá
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2019-10-01
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This thesis – entitled Territorial Conflicts and Quilombola identity in the Ambé
Community in Amapá (Conflitos Territoriais e identidade quilombola na
Comunidade Ambé no Amapá) – is the result of a research on the relation
between the territorial conflicts and the affirmation of the quilombola identity
of the members of the Ambé Community. The research derived from the
Interinstitutional Doctorate that was signed between the Post-Graduation
Program in Geography, from the Socioenvironmental Studies Institute (IESA)
at the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and the Federal University of Amapá(UNIFAP), which started in 2016. The proposal relates to the research line:
Socio-spatial Dynamics and it was developed over the years 2017-2019. The
Ambé Community is located in the municipality of Macapá, in the southeast
region of Amapá State, which has access overland by the highway Rodovia
BR-210 or AP-070. The Quilombola communities are a heritage of the black
race and its participation in the construction of the Brazilian society, according
to Fiabani’s studies (2008) and they reflect a past of exploitation and slavery,
which nowadays is reshaped with new forms of exploitation and expropriation
and by the need of resistance over the land they occupy for their material and
cultural reproduction. The research revives the history of the families as they
established themselves on the lands of Ambé, in the beginning of the 19th
century; however, the research periodization focuses on the first decade of
the 19th century, from 2003 on, when the self-identification and recognition
processes occur, in the face of territorial conflicts and the official public
policies for the remaining Quilombo communities. The main objective of this
study was to comprehend the aspects of the relation between the territory and
the identity and interpret the territorial conflicts presented in the community.
The methodological path aimed at engaging a dialogue with a humanist
geography approach and with the hermeneutic phenomenology according to
Paul Ricoeur’s perspective (2007), and a hermeneutic approach is intended in
the interviews with the quilombolas and people who didn’t belong to
quilombola communities, in order to interpret the testimonies. We also
interviewed representatives of institutions who established a dialogue with the
socio-spatial dynamics of the quilombolas territories in Amapá. The members
from the institutions who were interviewed are representatives from
institutions engaged in the processes of titration, recognition, identification
and conciliation of the conflicts involving quilombola territories. It is
understandable that collective actions are important to the construction of the
territorial identity, in this sense, in order to think the identity as of a
geographic perspective, we adopted the proposal of Haesbaert (1999),
whereby certain identities are built from a real, symbolic, material and
imaginary relation of the social groups with the territory. It is understood that
the quilombolas, who are individuals marked by ethnic difference, they
produce different spatiality situated in a discriminated and vulnerable social
context. The geographical scope aims the territory interpretation and
contributes with a reflection on the contemporary social situation of the
quilombo and the black people. It was found that the existing territorial
conflicts are related to grain planters’ landowner pressure on the quilombola
lands, which lands are being gradually occupied. The territorial dimension is
indispensable for the comprehension of the presented identity. The quilombola
identity is constructed in the relation with the territory. And the conflicts are
constituted over and above the place and directly affect the family relations of
the community.
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SOARES, L. R. Conflitos territoriais e identidade quilombola da comunidade do Ambé no Amapá. 2019. 359 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.