Avaliação da atividade de acaricidas químicos sintéticos, extrato botânico sobre Rhipicephalus sanguineus e ação dos óleos essenciais sobre Amblyomma cajennens.
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Data
2008-10-22
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari, Ixodidae) known as tick-star , is a
ixodid heteroxenous tree-host found too often in horses. Have little specific parasite,
particularly in periods of larvae and nymph, is considered the most important in ixodid
transmission of spotted fever to humans in Brazil. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, tick
ectoparasite mainly from domestic dogs in urban areas, but also parasite other
mammals, birds and reptiles, is responsible for the transmission of pathogens to their
hosts. By developing in synanthropic environments, with their immature stages
occasionally infecting man, this ixodídeo could cause increased incidence of erliquiosis,
babesiosis and spotted fever in humans. The difficulties in controlling these ixodids,
including the development of resistance to some acaricides chemicals synthetic main
products used in their control, studies to encourage development of alternative
measures, more efficient and less environmental impact. The objective of this work was
monitoring the susceptibility and/or resistance of R. sanguineus to 14 insecticide
products/acaricides, among the most acaricide sold in Goiás for control of ectoparasites
of medical and veterinary importance, and verify the potential of substances extracted
from plants, Carapa guianensis AUBLET (Meliaceae), Piper hispidinervum C.DC.
(Piperaceae) and Magonia pubescens St. Hil. (Sapindaceae) in botanical exploration of
acaricides for control of A. cajennense and R. saguineus. Engorged female of R.
sanguineus were collected in environments naturally infested frequented by dogs in
different districts and municipalities of Goiânia. Engorged female of A. cajennense were
collected on horses from rural farms of different neighborhoods and surrounding
municipalities of Goiânia. In the laboratory they were washed with distilled water, dried
with paper towel and put in incubators B.O.D., to conduct the oviposition. Envelopes
were used to filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of synthetic
chemical acaricides, of essential oils from the leaves and branches side of P.
hispidinervum, essential oil coming seeds of C. guianensis and stem bark of M.
pubescens. In the control group used up only distilled water and solvent. Bioassays were
made in quadruplicate. In the first study, Lethal Concentrations, CL50 and CL99,
after 24
h and 48 h of exposure were calculated for the products that caused a framework for
possible resistance or resistance to larvicidal R. sanguineus, according to WHO criteria.
There was a framework of resistance to the basic products of Cypermethrin,
Cypermethrin + Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), Deltamethrin, Permethrin and Amitraz in 24 h presenting mortalities of 58.36%, 71.36%, 48.7%, 64.5% and 77.8%, respectively.
In 48 h of exposure to Amitraz the mortality rate was 88%, presenting a framework for
possible resistance accounting for 0.07% of the products tested. The lethal
concentrations CL50 and CL99 were: Cypermethrin (0.06% and 7.04%), Cypermethrin +
PBO (0.06% and 2.1%), Deltamethrin (0.06% and 1.57%); Permethrin (0.06% and
0.3%), Amitraz 24 h (0025% and 0.73%) and Amitraz 48 h (0.06% and 0.31%). The
products Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Permethrin, Cypermethrin + PBO and Amitraz
(24 and 48 h of exposure) were 35.2, 21, 7.85, 3, 3.65, 1.55 times, respectively, higher
than the dosages recommended by manufacturers. In the second study noted that the
essential oil of C. guianensis on the larvae of A. cajennense resulted in 24 h, mortality
not exceeding 10% for 35% concentration in 48 h of exposure received at the CL50 of
7.38% and 45.45% of CL99, the essential oil of P. hispidinervum shown in 24 h of
exposure CL50 of 0.42% and CL99 of 0.88%, in 48 h of exposure CL50 of 0.45% and CL99
of 1.06%. There was Knock down the effect on the larvae of A. cajennense the essential
oil of P. hispidinervum, significantly influencing mortality average. In the third study
there was the lethal action of ethanol crude extract of stem of bark M. pubescens on R.
sanguineus, in the reading of 48 h LC50 and CL99 was 0.15% and 0.99%,
respectively.The plants showed larvicidal effect on A. cajennense and R. sanguineus.
The essential oils and extracts studied demonstrated greatest potential for the
exploration of acaricides plants, with less environmental impact, to be used as a strategy
for control of R. sanguineus and A. cajennense.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Amblyomma cajennense , acaricidas
químicos sintéticos , Piper hispidinervum , Carapa guianensis , Magonia pubescens , Rhiphicephalus sanguineus , Amblyomma cajennense , acaricides plants , Piper hispidinervum , Carapa guianensis , Magonia pubescens , 1. Rhipicephalus sanguineus 2 Amblyomma cajennense 3. Piper
hispidinervum 4. Acaricidas botânicos 5. Carrapato - Controle
Citação
D`ALESSANDRO, Walmirton Bezerra. Evaluation of activity of synthetic chemical acaricides, botanical extract on
Rhipicephalus sanguineus and action of essential oils on Amblyomma
cajennense.. 2008. 149 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2008.