Mestrado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP)

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    Abordagem computacional para a descoberta de novos inibidores de prolil oligopeptidase 80 de Trypanosoma cruzi
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-05-31) Costa, Vinícius Alexandre Fiaia; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Neves, Bruno Junior; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256565904920282; Neves, Bruno Junior; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Charneau, Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
    Chagas disease is a serious infectious disease caused by the trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, the benznidazole is the only drug available for treating the disease. However, due to the emergence of benznidazole-resistant parasites, low efficacy in the chronic phase and considerable number of adverse effects, the discovery of new drugs more effective, safer and with innovative mechanism of action is imperative. In this context, the general objective of this work was to identify inhibitors of the enzyme prolyl oligopeptidase 80 (POPTc80), a validated target for Trypanosoma cruzi, using computational methods based on the structure of the target (SBDD) and ligand (LBDD). Initially, the three-dimensional structure of POPTc80 was predicted using three different approaches. After structural refinement and validation, the best 3D structure, obtained from the AlphaFold server, was submitted to structural analysis. In this step, three representative conformations of POPTc80 generated on the DynOmics server were selected using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These structures were then used as structural bases for the construction and validation of molecular docking protocols in the Glide program. Molecular anchoring demonstrated that the conformation 3 results showed the highest rate of enrichment during screening of a set of active compounds and decoys. Then, the docking poses for POPTc80 inhibitors described in the literature were considered queries for generating and validating shape-based models in the vROCS program. As a result, a 3D structure of the POPTc80 was possible, a validated docking protocol was developed and a specific shape-based model for POPTc80 was also developed. At the end of this process, the best molecular docking protocols and the best shape-based model were used as computational filters for the virtual screening of the ChemBridge library, which made it possible to obtain a set of putative hits that will be experimentally validated in the POPTc80 enzyme in collaboration.
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    Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite c em indivíduos portadores de doenças oncohematológicas em Goiânia-GO
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-29) Marinho, Tássia Augusto; Arantes, Adriano de Moraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2074071976957154; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Bringel, Regina Maria; Ferreira, Renata Carneiro
    According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 150 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 350 million people die each year from liver complications related to infection. HCV, as well as hepatotropic can infect and replicate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells can induce a weak disorder oncohematológica. As the etiology of most diseases oncohematológicas is still unknown, some authors have suggested the role of this virus in the genesis of lymphomas. This study aimed to investigate the profile seroepidemiological study of hepatitis C infection in patients with disorder oncohematologicas attended at two hospitals in reference to the treatment of these diseases (Hospital Araújo Jorge e Hospital das Clínicas) in Goiânia, Goiás. A total de 350 individuals were recruited in hospitals, from june/2011 to february/2012 (Hospital Araújo Jorge) and June/August/2012 (Hospital das Clínicas) were interviewed and underwent blood collection. All samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. The anti-HCV positive samples were submitted to HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by reverse hybridization by the Line Probe Assay (LiPA) method. The HCV infection prevalence was 0.86% (95% CI: 0.22 to 2.7) in patients with diseases oncohematológicas. The viral RNA was detected in 0.57% (2/3) of anti-HCV positive samples, and the genotype/subtype 1b, were identified in the study population. Risk characteristics, reported by individuals anti-HCV positive, use non-injecting drug use, blood transfusion before 1994, tattooing, surgery and multiple sexual partners. This research showed low prevalence of hepatitis C in the population studied. However, epidemiological investigations are relevant for analyze the effectiveness of intervention measures for control and prevention of this infection.
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    Prevalência das infecções por Papilomavírus humano e soropositividade de Chlamydia trachomatis em mulheres portadoras de neoplasias cervicais na região central do Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-24) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos , Silvia Helena Rabelo do; Alves, Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo; Alves, Maria de Fátima Costa
    High-risk papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent for cervical neoplasia. However, the presence of singly HPV infection is unlikely to be sufficient for cervical carcinogenesis, and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) may increase the risk of cervical neoplasia. The significance of the association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections in the development of cervical neoplasias has been investigated and the more consistent data have pointed to an association with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). However, the exact relationship between C. trachomatis and HPV infection remains not completely understood. It is possible that C. trachomatis infection may be an independent factor or cofactor for HPV in the development of cervical neoplasia. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis in HPV-positive women correlating with the severity of cervical neoplasia in central area of Brazil. Methodology: A total of 131 women referred to colposcopic clinic, in Goiás, Brazil because of an abnormal cervical smear were included in the study. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction using PGMY09/PGMY11 primers, and genotyping was performed by reverse dot blot hybridization. Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was evaluated using ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies. Results: The total prevalence of HPV infection was 86.3% (113/131). Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was 26% (34/131). Thirty one women (27.4%; 31/113) tested simultaneously positive for C. trachomatis and HPV. Of these, 12.9% (4/31) tested negative at histology, while 87.1% (27/31) tested positive for CIN and invasive carcinomas. The most prevalent HPV type in the C. trachomatis seropositive women was HPV 16 (51.6%; 16/31) and in these women, this type was present in 50% (2/4) of cases negative, 33.3% (3/9) of cases CIN1, 53.3% (8/15) of cases CIN2/CIN3 and 100% (3/3) of cases invasive carcinoma. Taking as reference cases negative for HPV/ C. trachomatis, the positivity for HPV/ C. trachomatis was significantly associated with CIN 2 or worse diagnostic, especially the types 16 and 18. A borderline significance was observed when the reference was HPV positive and C. trachomatis negative cases. There was a borderline significance between other types of HPV and positivity for C. trachomatis with neoplastic diagnosis considering as reference HPV/ C. trachomatis negative cases. Conclusions: C. trachomatis seropositivity was associated with severity of cervical neoplasia in women HPV positives. Then, it may be important to screen for the simultaneous presence of C. trachomatis which may have synergistic pathological effects.
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    Formulação de Metarhizium humberi à base de cera de carnaúba e terra diatomácea para controle focal de Aedes aegypti
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-29) Seabra, Andressa Kristiny Lemes; Rodrigues Filho, Juscelino; Luz, Wolf Christian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1104009511235835; Luz, Wolf Christian; Muniz, Elen Regozino; Arruda, Walquíria
    Introduction: Metarhizium humberi is an entomopathogenic fungus that shows promising activity in the biological control of Aedes aegypti, a vector of arboviruses. Stressful environmental conditions, such as low relative humidity (RH), hinder the insecticidal action of M. humberi. Additives in conidial formulations (C) aim to improve the insecticidal activity of this fungus. Carnauba wax powder (CC) as an additive aims to increase the contact of C on the cuticle, and diatomaceous earth (DE) causes abrasion damage to the vector's epicuticle. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a dry formulation for controlling A. aegypti. Materials and Methods: To this end, the in vitro germination of C with CC and/or ED was evaluated, as well as the potential of CC and DE as additives in laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. For in vitro germination tests, C was mixed with CC and/or TD and exposed to 25°C, 43%, 75%, >98% RH and 12 h photophase for 14 days. In in vivo tests: in the greenhouse, adults were exposed to CC and/or ED mixed or not with C for 60 minutes. They were then incubated at 25ºC, 75% RH or >98% RH and 12-hour photophase. For tests in screened cages, adults were exposed to spreading devices with CC and/or ED mixed or not with C. In semifield tests, adults exposed to spreading devices with C, C+CC+DE and control in rainy or dry seasons. For all in vivo tests, mortality was quantified over 15 days. In field tests, dissemination devices with CC+ED and control were placed in four peridomiciliary sites in Goiânia, GO, Brazil, and at the end of each repetition the devices were reviewed and the number of eggs quantified. Results: In the in vitro tests C with CC and/or DE exposed to 43, 75 and >98% RH, had a significant difference in the mean germination in relation to the relative humidities (number of germinated conidia 43% < 75% > 98% RH). Exposure time (14 days) did not affect germination. In laboratory tests at 75% RH, on the 10th day mortality in C (58%) was lower than in C+CC+DE (73%). In the semi-field, mortality in the rainy season for C+CC+DE was 73%, and in the control 17%. In the dry season, C+CC+DE mortality was 92%, C 81% and control 45%. In the field, the number of eggs varied between 84 and 2221 eggs. Conclusions: The additives CC and DE can be used in a formulation with C of M. humberi. CC was not toxic to adults and the C+CC+DE formulation was promising in the dry season. Relevance and impact: The knowledge resulting from this study represents an important advance in the development of an effective and sustainable dry formulation for biological control, contributing to the emergence of new approaches to controlling A. aegypti, a vector with a major impact on tropical medicine and public health.
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    Desigualdades na epidemiologia do câncer colorretal no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-07) Schaedler, Anelise Camila; Oliveira, Max Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699001066097321; Oliveira, Max Moura de; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Iser, Betine Pinto Mochlecke
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers worldwide, affecting over 1,931,590 people annually. Social determinants of health related to the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have been analyzed, revealing higher incidence rates in socioeconomically favorable regions, while mortality rates are higher in low- and middle-income regions. Objective: To analyze the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) of colorectal cancer in Brazil and its Federative Units, correlating them with socioeconomic indicators.Methodology: This is an ecological study, with a time series analysis of incidence, mortality, DALY, and prevalence rates of CRC in individuals aged 30 years and older. The corrected and estimated data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 19 (GBD19) for Brazil, by Federative Unit (FU) and sex, from 1990 to 2019, were used. Agestandardized rates were calculated using the GBD19 standard population. Indicator trends were estimated using the average annual percent change and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by joinpoint regression. Pearson's correlation was used to correlate the indicators with the Human Development Index, using the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) obtained from GBD19. Results: The analysis of age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants showed an increase in all states, regardless of sex, from 1990 to 2019, with the following changes: incidence from 23.8 (1990) to 35.48 (2019), prevalence from 167.7 (1990) to 319.98 (2019), mortality from 41.74 (1990) to 49.14 (2019), and DALY from 934.4 (1990) to 1,109.35 (2019). The highest incidence and prevalence trends were observed in the North and Northeast macroregions and among males. Mortality and DALY trends showed predominantly higher rates among men in all Federative Units (except the Federal District) and remained stable among women. Correlation analysis between SDI and CRC showed a positive association with incidence and a negative association with mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years. Conclusion: The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates of colorectal cancer were found to be high throughout the country, which can be explained by Brazil being a developing nation with increasing urbanization and greater access to risk factors. Rates are predominantly higher in more developed Federative Units where Westernized diets are already prevalent in the food routines of these groups. The high incidence trends in less favored regions may be due to the urbanization process, which is making previously absent risk factors more accessible over the years. Another reason could be the amplification of healthcare assistance in these regions, resulting in an increase in the reporting of new cases. The elevated mortality and DALY trends in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions may be related to the lack of public policies for prevention, screening, and treatment in these specific populations. Based on these findings, this study reinforces the importance of creating and implementing public health policies targeting highrisk groups for prevention and screening. Relevance and Impact: Colorectal cancer is a current public health issue worldwide. This study contributes to the epidemiological update of this cancer in Brazil, highlighting its relevance within the Brazilian context. The findings can contribute to prioritizing public health policies aimed at cancer prevention and control.
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    Estudo da interação plasmodium-hospedeiro via meta-análise de dados públicos de sequenciamento duplo de RNA
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-29) Silva, Bárbara Fernandes da; Gardinassi, Luiz Gustavo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8922981412535108; Gardinassi, Luiz Gustavo Araújo; Matteucci, Kely Catarine; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da
    Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Infection causes an intense inflammatory response, but the molecular mechanisms of interaction between host and parasite remain largely unknown. Although many studies have been dedicated to understanding the host immune response using RNA sequencing of whole blood from malaria patients, technological advances have enabled an integrative evaluation of both host and parasite transcriptomes. The accumulation of different datasets in public repositories provides an opportunity to uncover the interaction between host and Plasmodium via integrative data analysis. Methods. We evaluated whole blood RNA-seq data from 8 different datasets of individuals with malaria caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). The transcriptomes from humans were transformed to Blood Transcriptional Modules (BTM). Spearman´s correlation method was used to evaluated associations between BTMs and Pf genes. PlasmoDB platform was used to evaluate Pf genes. Results Initially, we selected correlations (p < 0.001) conserved in 60% of the datasets to generate a hostparasite transcriptional network composed, for exemplo, of BTMs related to the activation and response of dendritic cells and myeloid cells, besides of leukocyte differentiation and NK cells. Later, we selected correlations conserved in 75% of the datasets, which revealed a host-parasite transcriptional sub network, in which BTMs are related to monocytes, activation of innate immunity, as well as regulation of inflammation. Moreover, the comparison between the activity of BTMs included in this sub network between individuals with malaria and healthy controls demonstrated the downregulation of genes involved with SMAD2/3 signaling and transcriptional targets of glucocorticoid receptor, while the other BTMs were upregulated, including modules related to monocytes and signaling by TLR, RIG-I and cytosolic DNA sensors. Conclusion. In conclusion, our study identified diverse associations between genes of P. falciparum and gene modules reflecting cells and processes of the human immune response that can be prioritized in experimental assays.
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    Análise das interações proteína-proteína da chaperona de cobre ATX1 em Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-12) Lugo, Danize Eukales Menezes; Silva, Kleber Santiago Freitas e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3813868830071259; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; Pereira, Maristela; Bailão, Alexandre Melo
    Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in the Americas, mainly in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Argentina. The disease is caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidiodes that exhibit thermodimorphism. The fungus is present in the soil in the mycelial form at 28°C and in the yeast form in the host at 37°C. The ability to differentiate is considered a virulence factor of this pathogen. Copper (Cu) is an essential component of enzymes that carry out electron transfer reactions. Homeostasis of this metal was first described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and homologous genes were identified in several organisms. Among these, the ATX1 gene, related to a copper metallochaperone, stands out, which transports Cu1+ from Ctr1 (transmembrane transporter) to Ccc2 (P-type ATPase) in a trans-Golgi vesicle for eventual insertion into Fet3. The latter is a highaffinity Cu-dependent iron absorption protein. Atx1 was identified in S. cerevisiae as a small 8 kDa Cu chaperone, being classified as an antioxidant molecule. Little is known about Cu homeostasis metabolism and the specific function of the ATX1 gene in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Thus, the identification of Atx1 interaction networks in P. brasiliensis can elucidate details of Cu metabolism in this organism. The main objective of this research was to characterize, through molecular anchoring, how ATX1 interacts with P. brasiliensis proteins, providing an understanding of the biology of the fungus and aiming to identify possible therapeutic targets as a future perspective. A group of proteins that interact with Atx1 was identified and validated through pull-down assays. These proteins are part of the maintenance of homeostasis, interacting with other proteins of copper metabolism, electron transport and detoxification proteins. These interactions indicate the importance of Atx1 for maintaining copper homeostasis in the fungus, being a potential target for alternative drugs, which may collaborate to expand therapeutic options.
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    Fatores associados a lesões por acidentes de trânsito em jovens condutores em capitais selecionadas do Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-03-23) Yamamoto, Rogers Kazuo Rodrigues; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4030124246791320; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Mandacarú, Polyana Maria Pimenta
    Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), traffic accidents are among the leading causes of death and early disability in the world. In some countries they are the leading cause of death of young adult individuals, and in most of these countries, they have a high cost of hospitalizations and productive losses, as is the case in Brazil. Nevertheless, the existence of few analytical studies and disaggregated by standardized age group aimed at estimating injuries caused by TA, especially in young drivers, justify the importance of this study. Objectives: estimate the prevalence of Traffic Accidents Injury (TAI) and traffic safety indicators among young drivers as well as to evaluate the factors associated with traffic accidents in this age group living in 14 Brazilian capitals (Belo Horizonte, Boa Vista, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Goiânia, Macapá, Palmas, Salvador, São Luís, São Paulo, Teresina and Vitória). Methodology: Data collection was performed through a standardized questionnaire applied in the form of face-to-face interviews in two places: at the points of agglomerations (AP) of people in the cities surveyed and in points of surveillance of sobriety or Traffic Blitz (SP), from March to December 2019. A total of 1,880 young drivers living in the capitals included in the study at the agglomeration points and 2,074 young drivers in the blitzes were approached. The Rake method was used to weight the data. The statistical analysis consisted of bivariate analysis for the selection of potentially associated variables and multivariate logistic regression to adjust the model and define the main factors associated with injuries in young drivers, remaining in this model only variables whose Prevalence Ratio (PR) remained significant (p-value < 0.05) after adjustment of confounding factors for both data collection points (agglomeration and blitzes). Results: At the agglomeration points, about 25.07% of the drivers declared that they did not have a driver's license (CNH); 11.94% reported a history of involvement in accidents in the last 12 months and 13.42% reported having taken illicit drugs in the last 30 days. In relation to the individuals approached in the context of police surveillance, a lower proportion of drivers who declared not a national driver's license (CNH) was observed 3.91%; reported a history of involvement in accidents in the last 12 months (7.81%) and illicit drug use in the last 30 days (3.97%) as well as greater support for the use of personal protective equipment (seat belts and helmets). In the evaluation of factors associated with the prevalence of accidents with injuries, the logistic regression model showed a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) for the following variables: incomplete mean level of education (PRadj 1.48 ; IC95% 1.02 - 2.17 for motorcyclists; and PRadj 2.18 ; IC95% 1.08- 4.40 for other drivers), motorcycle driving (PRadj 2.68 ; CI95% 1.9 - 3.74 (AP) and PRadj 6.12; CI95% 2.47 - 15.21 (SP), direction after use of psychotropic substances (PRadj 1.69 ; IC95% 1.218 - 2.342 for Beverages and PRadj 1.65; CI95% 1.08 - 2.53 for Drugs); and driving at speed above the limit established on regulated roads of 50 km/h (PRadj 1.95; IC95% 1.15 - 3.32). Conclusion: results obtained allowed estimating the prevalence of the main traffic safety indicators and the main associated factors in young drivers. The supervision exercised by traffic agencies has the potential to contribute to the decrease in the prevalence of the reporting of risk conduct associated with traffic accident injuries in young drivers and induces the use of personal protective equipment by them. The capitals of the North, Northeast and Midwest region presented higher prevalence of the history of accidents with injuries among young drivers interviewed. Finally, the need to implement public policies and interventions focused on the associated factors identified in the study with emphasis on motorcycle drivers is highlighted.
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    Percepção e adesão de usuários de internet às medidas não farmacológicas para mitigação da Covid-19: uma análise de inquéritos repetidos nos períodos de menor e maior adesão no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-08) Sérgio, Luciana Madeleine da Silva; Rosa, Michelle Quarti Machado da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4053156553973596; Toscano, Cristiana Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3772312631884265; Toscano, Cristiana Maria; Oliveira, Max Moura de; Souza, Romulo Cristóvão de
    Introduction: Mitigation of the Covid-19 pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV 2), which started in 2020, required the implementation of a set of public health measures to reduce virus transmission in the population. Prior to the availability of specific vaccines and antiviral drugs, so-called non-pharmacological measures (social distancing, hand sanitization, and mask wearing) were the only measures with the potential to reduce the number of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths from Covid-19. Understanding and comprehension of the importance of these measures, as well as public adherence to them, are therefore key factors for their effective implementation. Little is known yet about the perception, knowledge, and behavior of society regarding the measures advocated and implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: To characterize and evaluate, specifically for Brazil, the perception, knowledge, and behavior of Brazilian Internet users regarding Covid-19, including the population's adherence to non-pharmacological measures implemented. Also, we sought to identify factors associated with adherence to non-pharmacological measures among users in two periods identified as periods of lowest and highest adherence to non-pharmacological measures. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with repeated surveys. We used data from a sample of adult users (over 18 years) of the Facebook application who were invited to participate in an international survey conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in collaboration with Johns Hopkins University in the United States. In Brazil the data was collected in the period July/2020 to March/2021. The source of information, knowledge, perception about Covid-19, and population behavior regarding adherence to Covid-19 protective measures were reported by a convenience sample that included recording 63,989 responses from internet users over 19 surveys. The following groups of variables were considered: 1) sociodemographics, 2) individuals' behavior regarding protective measures to Covid-19 (prevention with physical distance, hand sanitization, and mask use), 3) individuals' perception of Covid-19 (risk in the community; risk of infection; infection control; severity of infection; effectiveness of mask use, and effectiveness of hand sanitization), 4) knowledge about Covid-19 (knowledge about risk group and knowledge about transmission), and 5) source of information about Covid-19. Due to the lack of information on independence between waves in the study, two moments (lower and higher adherence of individuals regarding distancing, hand sanitization, and mask use) were selected to be analyzed. The descriptive analysis of the variables presented the frequency estimates and response percentages for the categorical variables, as well as their respective confidence intervals. In order to identify factors associated with greater adherence of the population to the measures, univariable and multivariable analysis was performed through Poisson regression models, with estimated prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The recorded number of internet user responses in the lowest adherence period (Nov 9 - 14 Nov 23/2020) was 2,339 and the highest adherence period (Mar 15 - Mar 29/2021) was 2,668. The sociodemographic characterization of the users regarding gender, age and education were similar during the two periods, lowest and highest adherence respectively, where the majority were female (53.3% and 53.7%), young (62% and 61.8%) and more than 40% had high school education (47.7% and 48.2%). Most individuals presented an important perception about the risk of Covid-19, where in the period of lowest adherence, 39.4% (330) and highest adherence 55.1% (528) claimed that the risk of the disease to the community is very and extremely dangerous. As for the understanding about the effectiveness of the measures, in the periods of lower and higher adherence respectively, 49.5% (1,094) and 52.4% (1,372) claimed that hand hygiene is extremely effective. Regarding the behavior, during the periods of lower and higher adherence respectively, considering the adoption of protective measures, it is observed that 56.8% (1,394) and 65.1% (1,869) of users reported adherence to physical distancing, 88.9% (2,139) and 94.2% (2,549) used a mask, and 83.3% (2,018) and 86% (2,391) sanitized their hands. Through Poisson regression, it is found that the prevalence in performing the protective measures (distancing, hand sanitization, and mask use) during the period of lower adherence was higher among the young (PR = 1.28; PR = 1.05 and PR = 1.07) and elderly (PR = 1.52; PR = 1.31 and PR = 1.35). For the period of higher adherence, it is observed that young (PR = 1.63; PR = 1.19 and PR = 1.05), elderly (PR = 1.25; PR = 1.33 and PR = 1.00) and individuals with knowledge about the form of transmission (PR = 1.48; PR = 1.62 and PR = 1.06) performed the protective measures more frequently. In addition, it is found that women (PR = 1.02 and 1.18) and individuals with greater understanding about the effectiveness of hand hygiene (PR = 1.16) and mask use (PR = 2.13) did more hand hygiene and used a mask more frequently. Conclusion: Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil it is observed that internet users' adherence to non-pharmacological measures may be associated with the epidemiological picture of the disease, in which, the periods of lower (Nov 9 - 14 Nov 23/2020) and higher (Mar 15 - Mar 29/2021) adherence are characterized by lower and higher numbers of reported cases, respectively. Thus, during the periods, there was high adherence to the use of masks and hand washing. The number of individuals who adhered to physical distancing was high, although it could have been higher. A significant perception of risk was observed, as well as levels of knowledge about the effectiveness and importance of the protective measures implemented. However, these values varied in the population according to age and education level. Importantly, greater knowledge about the disease was associated with greater adherence of individuals to non-pharmacological measures implemented as public health strategies. Relevance and impact: The results showed how internet user's knowledge of Covid-19 influenced the adherence of individuals to non-pharmacological measures to face the pandemic. Continuous information dissemination and risk communication to the population are key strategies that should be instituted and prioritized during public health emergencies in order to increase the population's adherence to non-pharmacological mitigation measures. The findings of this study present important points for the Brazilian and international literature, and above all, relevant evidence to support managers and health policies during public health emergencies.
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    Reação imunoenzimática (ELISA) para detecção de imunoglobulina M, imunoglobulina G e imunoglobulina A contra a proteína rHsp-X (Rv 2031c) de mycobacterium tuberculosis em pacientes com tuberculose pleural
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-18) Limong, Loanda Carvalho Sant’ Ana; Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1252262903952987; Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira
    Pleural tuberculosis (TBP) has often spontaneous resolution, even without treatment. However, the lack of proper diagnosis and treatment can lead to the occurrence of pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in 65% of the cases, in the five years subsequent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the recombinant Hsp-X antigen (rHsp-X) in an enzyme immunoassay for determining the presence of TBP in patients with pleural effusion. For this study we used 132 samples of serum and pleural fluid (PF) from patients with pleural effusion. Of these, 97 samples were from TBP patients and 35 patients with diseases other than tuberculosis (NTBP) (28 patients with metastatic cancer, 1 patient with congestive heart failure, 2 patients whit liver failure, 1 patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and 3 patients with parapneumonic effusion). The IgM levels of PF were higher in patients with PTB than NTBP, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for the PF was 42% and 83%, respectively. Testing for IgG from the serum and the PF against the recombinant antigen Hsp-X were not effective in discriminating TB patients from other diseases, the sensitivity was found to be 13% and 16% using serum and LP, respectively, with the same specificity of 83%. TBP patients presented higher levels of IgA specific for the rHSP-X than NTBP, the IgA ELISA using PF presented better sensitivity (65%) than using serum (39%), while the IgA ELISA for both types of samples presented the same specificity (83%). In conclusion, the recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rHsp-X by IgA antibodies from the PF of patients with TBP reveals its possible role in the development of a diagnostic test for additional cases of TBP. Further studies must be conducted to confirm this hypothesis.
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    Saúde mental e trabalho: prevalência de morbidade psiquiátrica e fatores associados, entre servidores municipais em licença médica, Goiânia-Goiás, 2010
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-13) Mendonça, Mauro Elias; Turchi, Marília Dalva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3769826743537934; Turchi, Marília Dalva; Corrêa Filho, Heleno Rodrigues; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco
    Introduction: Mental disorders (MD) have high morbidity and high load in the years lived with disability, reducing quality of life and producing large socioeconomic impact. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and potential factors associated with psychiatric morbidity of municipal employees on sick leave in Goiânia, Brazil, in 2010. Methods: Cross-sectional census study linking Human Resources System with records of licenses issued by the Medical Board municipality. Socio-demographic and occupational variables and duration of the associated removal by MD licenses were analyzed. The level of significance was set at <5%. Results: Among the 20,535 servers, 5,028 (24.5%) had at least one license, with 801 of these for psychiatric morbidity. In total 9,101 licenses, of which 1,569 were granted for MD. The MD represented the greatest burden of the total period of absence (22.1%) with 75% of the servers on leave for > 15 days. The prevalence of MD was 39.0 licensed servers/1.000 active servers, with 76.4 licenses/1.000 active servers. The prevalence of MD was higher among women and servers with primary or higher education level. There were differences in the leave of absence profile caused by DM between men and women regarding age, ethnicity, marital status and salary. In relation to work, there was a higher prevalence of MD on servers with double bond, length of service <3 years (probation) and with 11-20 years of work. The highest prevalence of MD among women, was found in positions of education and health, and, among men, in surveillance jobs. Mood disorders (25.4/1,000) and neurotic (16.9/ 1,000) were clusters of higher prevalence, with high co-morbidity between both. The diagnostic category of depression was more prevalent. Discussion and Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of MD was more than six times higher than the one found on workers of the general social security system in the country. The results confirm the relevance of MD in health of servers, and bring subsidies to boost promotion measures, surveillance and occupational health care. The need to deepen the study of psychosocial factors associated with high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the public sector and differences in gender and occupation was pointed out in this study.
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    Soroprevalência de COVID-19 e infecção por toxoplasma gondii e fatores associados à ocorrência de lesão renal aguda em pacientes coinfectados
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-06-06) Silva, Wania Gonçalves da; Amancio, Ana Laura de Sene; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8039224852182884; Castro, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621; Castro, Ana Maria de; Storchilo, Heloisa Ribeiro; Freitas, Nara Rúbia de
    Title: Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and Toxoplasma Gondii Infection and Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury in Coinfected Patients. Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), considered one of the greatest global public health challenges, contributing to a high burden of disease and death. in different age groups, in addition to those with comorbidities, such as cardiopulmonary and renal diseases, neoplasms, among others. Faced with the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the population, studying the factors associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, and the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection becomes necessary, to provide support for adequate initial assessment, improvement in prognosis and prevention strategies for the control of Covid-19 and Toxoplasmosis. Objective: To epidemiologically characterize a group of inpatients in an intensive care unit with COVID-19, coinfected with T. gondii. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, with an analytical approach, carried out in a public university hospital in Goiânia - Goiás. A total of 314 patients participated in the study, admitted to an intensive care unit, diagnosed with COVID-19 by the RT-PCR or RTLAMP methods, and serology for toxoplasmosis by the IgG ELISA method, and IgM Results: A study of seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with COVID-19 was not identified. Seropositivity was found for the IgG class: 78.1%, and IgM/IgG: 3.5%. In the sample, there was a predominance of males, ie (55.4%). Most of them are people aged 60 years or older (49.7%), living in Goiás (98.5%), which represents the highest frequency of hospitalizations among elderly people. 20-39 years (p=0.014) and 40-59 years (p=0.027) were protective factors for toxoplasmosis in patients with COVID-19. 88.5% of mixed race, living with someone (65.6%), retired (38.6%), with income of less than 2 years minimum (51.8%), with incomplete elementary school (53.4%) and living with 3 residents (52.3%). It is observed that there is an inverse trend, the higher the level of education, the lower the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. For behavioral habits (alcohol consumption, smoking, use of illicit drugs), no statistically significant was found. As for the origin of origin (67.9%) from a Basic Health Unit. As comorbidities prevail, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, COPD, neoplasms, and clinical manifestations, fever, asthenia, myalgia and headache. As for death, 158.5 % died. There were no significant differences between patients and patients who were discharged or downloaded. There were no significant results associating Acute Renal Failure (AKI) with toxoplasmosis in patients with COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 and evidenced the presence of kidney disease 9 who are hospitalized in patients, evolution of the clinical condition to hemodialysis (P) No statistically significant results were identified that show associations between variables, a factor that demands further investigation. Conclusions: The results of the study show a elevated prevalence of toxoplasmosis patients at susceptibility to COVID-19 (77%), suggesting a high susceptibility of patients with developmental disease, evidencing opportunistic opportunities. Individuals over 60 years of age are at greater risk of being co-infected. There were no ARI, associations between toxoplasmosis infection in patients with COVID-19 and patients with COVID-19, who have more kidney problems and consequently progress to hemodialysis. Relevance and impact: It is valid, due to the high frequency of Toxoplasmosis and COVID-19 cases and association with renal impairment of patients who evolved with the need for renal replacement therapy, it is important to reflect and understand the severity of the disease, establish preventive, diagnostic and effective therapies in a more targeted and faster way, as well as preventive measures for effective decision making.
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    Rastreamento sorológico da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em cortadores de cana-de-açúcar nos estados de Goiás e Paraíba
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-22) Oliveira, Brunna Rodrigues de; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Teles, Sheila Araujo
    Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major problem for a global public health, with about 71 million people chronically infected worldwide, being a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) set the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health problem by 2030. To do so, it is necessary to track infections in all populations. Sugarcane cutters are a population of seasonal workers, with difficulty to access to health services, which lack information on hepatitis C. Objective: This study aimed to perform the serological screening of hepatitis C virus infection in sugarcane cutters in Goiás and Paraíba. Methods: The population consisted of 937 sugar cane cutters, 636 in Goiás and 301 in Santa Rita-PB. All cutters were invited to participate in the study, and those who signed the consent form were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Then, blood samples were collected and screened for anti-HCV by rapid tests and ELISA. The data were analyzed in the statistical program SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. Results: The population was composed of males (100%), with a mean age of 35.4 years. Regarding schooling, 47.4% reported having up to four years of study and the monthly family income of 78.8% of the participants was less than 2,000.00 reais. After screening for anti-HCV by rapid test and ELISA, it was verified that no individual was exposed to HCV. The risk characteristics for potential viral spread reported by cane cutters were tattooing/piercing, sharing of personal use material, and use of non-injectable drugs. Rapid tests are highly sensitive to anti-HCV, so they are appropriate and feasible for hard-to-reach populations such as sugarcane cutters and other populations. Conclusion: The present study showed that there was no exposure to HCV in the sugarcane cutters of the regions of Goiás and Santa Rita-PB. To achieve WHO's goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health problem, it is important that more research on HCV prevalence is conducted, especially in groups that have difficulty accessing the health system.
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    Validação da técnica de avidez de IgG em amostras de sangue de recém-nascidos coletadas em papel filtro: valor prognóstico para indicação de infecção ativa pelo Toxoplasma gondii
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-21) Souza, Jéssica Yonara de; Castro, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621; Castro, Ana Maria de; Avelar, Juliana Boaventura; Avelino, Mariza Martins
    Congenital toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease that results from the transplacental transfer of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii to the concept and can cause serious fetal damage, its diagnosis and complex, and the sooner realized improves the prognosis of infection. The evaluation of IgG avidity is used as an indicator of recent infection mainly in the follow-up of pregnant women at risk, and to date it is not established for use in blood samples of newborns and in blood samples collected on filter paper. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic importance of the IgG avidity test in sera and in blood collected on RN filter paper in the indication of T. gondii congenital infection. Blood samples were collected on RN filter paper at the Hospital das Clínicas-UFG, Dona Íris Maternity Hospital, Goiânia-GO and Cais Nova Era, Aparecida de Goiânia-GO Serological screening for IgG and IgM antibodies was performed using the Elisa test (BIOLISA® toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM kit). From the total of 1277 samples, two IgM positive samples were detected, in 564 samples (44.1%) the presence of IgG was detected, and the ELISA ≥3.0, 57.67% (327 / 567), 177 pairs of mother and child recolects were performed to confirm the results obtained on filter paper and IgG avidity evaluation. In 167 pairs (94.36%) IgG detection was confirmed by demonstrating good sensitivity of the method, in 4 (2.40%) samples the IgG of the newborn presented low avidity of IgG antibody that is indicative of recent infection. In 17 samples the collection was performed simultaneously on filter paper and peripheral blood, in order to evaluate the efficacy of the avidity technique in filter paper samples, the agreement between the results was 100%. Screening of high IgG NB associated with the avidity test can be performed on filter paper and this method may contribute to the early detection and diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
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    Diagnóstico da hanseníase paucibacilar: resposta imune celular a proteínas recombinantes do Mycobacterium leprae
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-28) Sampaio, Lucas Henrique Ferreira; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; Mira, Marcelo Távora; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli
    Objetives: To test T cell effector/memory immune response to M leprae recombinant proteins assessed by IFN-y production among leprosy patients and controls. Methods: The following study groups were assessed: A. Paucibacilary leprosy (PB; n=13); B. Multibacilary leprosy (MB; n=10), PB and MB were newly diagnosed untreated patients; C. Pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV negative (TB; n=10); D. Healthy endemic controls (EC; n=10); E. Multibacilary household contacts (HHC; n=13). The following M.leprae recombinant proteins were tested: ML0091; ML0276; ML0398; ML0541; ML0543; ML0840; ML0953; ML1011; ML1213; ML1623; ML2044 and the fusion proteins ML46f and ML56f at 10ug/ml using Whole Blood Assay (WBA), 450mL/well, 37oC, 5%CO2. After 24 hours incubation, plasma was collected to quantitate IFN-y by ELISA (QuantiFERON CMI, Cellestis, Australia). Results- Based on IFN-y levels, M. leprae recombinant proteins were classified into: A - “Immunogenic and Specific”: ML0276, ML1623, ML0091, ML46f, ML0840, ML2044; B - “Immunogenic and not specific”: ML0398; C -“Not Immunogenic”: ML1011, ML57f, ML0541, ML0316, ML0543, ML1213, ML0953. Conclusions- Plasma IFN-y levels among PB leprosy and healthy household contacts indicated six potential candidates for the diagnosis of PB leprosy represented by the following immunogenic and specific M. leprae recombinant proteins: ML0276, ML1623, ML0091, ML46f, ML0840 and ML2044.
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    Reposicionamento de fármacos para Leishmania spp: estratégias “in silico” e avaliação experimental
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-04) Silva, Diego Cabral; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Andrade, Carolina Horta; Cravo, Pedro Vitor Lemos; Silva Junior, Floriano Paes
    Leishmaniases are diseases caused by more than 20 protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania, and transmitted through the bite of infected female Phlebotomine and Lutzomya. An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 deaths and 1.3 million new cases occur annually. Currently available drugs have serious limitations regarding their efficacy and especially their toxicity, side effects and costs. Thus, there is a pressing need for new therapies that are safer and more effective. Due to the high costs of traditional process of drug discovery and development, alternative strategies have been developed to speed up this process, and reducing its costs. Among them, is drug repositioning, which is the discovery of new therapeutic applications for drugs already on the market. The aim of this work was to search and identify approved and clinically available drugs with potential antileishmanial activity, using bio- and cheminformatics approaches, and experimental validation of these drugs using in vitro assays. Initially, we generated a dataset of Leishmania genes with orthologs in four species (L. major, L. braziliensis, L. infantum e L. mexicana), specific to the genus Leishmania, trying to explore potential molecular targets that could be effective against all species and essential to the process of development and differentiation of the parasite. This dataset was used to interrogate three databases of approved drugs (DrugBank and TTD) aiming to identify homologues of validated targets for other diseases. Furthermore, binary QSAR models were generated from phenotypic assay data, using different descriptors, and two machine learning methods, and then consensus models were built. Homology search allowed the identification of 36 new potential molecular targets that need to be validated experimentally, and 122 drugs. Of these 122 compounds, 28 were previously reported on the literature as actives. Five drugs not yet tested were selected for biological screening in vitro against promastigotes (lansoprazole, ibuprofen, sertaconzole, nilutamide and clomifen). Three of them showed activity at 100 μM and we determined their IC50. Ibuprofen showed an IC50 of 55.08 μM, sertaconazole IC50 < 15 μM and clomifen (IC50 5,75 μM, more potent than the standard drug (pentamidine IC50 = 7,24), suggesting a potential activity. Besides that, the QSAR models generated had adequate statistical parameters, especially for consensus models. One of the models generated by consensus was employed to predict the activity of the drugs identified by the bioinformatics approach. The best models can be used as filters in a virtual screening process. In vitro assays in the promastigote form of L. amazonensis were standardized, and used to successfully identify new potential candidates for drug repositioning.
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    Toxoplasmose gondii: soroprevalência, isolamento e virulência de cepas obtidas de galinhas caipiras (Gallus domesticus) comercializadas em feiras livres do município de Goiânia
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-02-27) Aleixo, Eduardo da Costa Alves; Castro, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621; Soares, Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6933335902851476; Soares, Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog; Gomes, Abraão Garcia; Bezerra, José Clecildo Barreto
    In this study, 50 free-range chickens were obtained from free fairs of the city of Goiânia, its serum were tested for antibodies anti T. gondii with the modified agglutination test (MAT), its heart and brain had been processed and inoculated in groups of 6 mice. Samples of the organs of the birds and the surviving mice had been sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for the search of Toxoplasma-like cysts structures. The serum of the surviving mice was analyzed by the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI). The isolated ones had been submitted to the study of virulence for mice by inoculations with different concentrations of tachyzoites. 25 birds (50%) had revealed positive (MAT ≥ 1:5) getting a total of three isolated. Toxoplasma-like cysts structures had been found in histologic cuts of eight birds (16%) and organs of mice of two groups (2%). Of the 25 experiments with inoculeted of positives birds, in 11 (44%) it had the detention of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. In the samples of negatives birds, evidences of the presence of Toxoplasma had not been found. Of the three isolated, two had been lethal for mice from concentrations of a thousand tachyzoites., while another one was 100% fatal one from the concentration of ten a thousand tachyzoites.
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    Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e histopatológica do efeito de drogas imunossupressoras na reativação da toxoplasmose crônica em modelo murino com a cepa ME 49 no camundongo BALB/c
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-28) Alves, Fabiana Santiago Aleixo; Lino Junior, Ruy de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0372118837748010; Soares, Joanna Darc Aparecida Herzog; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6933335902851476; Garciazapata, Marco Tulio Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3672512339058369; Garciazapata, Marco Tulio Antonio; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; Carvalhaes, Mara Silva
    This work was evaluated for the potential reactivation of Toxoplasmosis in murine model similar to human immunosuppression being developed in BALB/c mice, which were 40 days infected with 20 cysts of ME 49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii and after 60 days was initiated treatment with immunosuppressant drugs, Azathioprine in dosage of 10mg/kg five times a week in days, Dexametasone in dosage 2.5mg/kg per day per mouse, three times per week on alternate days, Cortisone acetate in 50mg twice a week in subcutaneous injection of cortisone acetate alone, or associated with its proper controls. Treatment was continued for 28 days. The use of the Dexametasona or Azathioprine isolated or associated with, a factor not caused by reactivation of serological tests, clinical or histopathological but associated with cortisone acetate led to a clinical diagnostic framework of a voluntary recall because of injuries in epidermal 62.5% of the mice that lot compared to its proper controls, however mortality was not observed in any of the groups tested
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    Avaliação da produção de BMP2 no intestino de camundongos infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-12) Carmo Neto, José Rodrigues do; Silva, Juliana Reis Machado e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289363102869037; Silva, Juliana Reis Machado e; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Freitas, Aline de Araújo
    One of the main late complications of Chagas' disease (CD) is the megacolon, affecting approximately 10% of symptomatic patients. However, studies are needed to understand mechanisms involved in the progression of this condition in the chronic phase of CD. Myenteric plexus neurons are known to be essential for the control of intestinal motility. Through infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the inflammatory profile that sets in is involved in neural destruction. One of the proteins related to the maintenance of nerve cells in the myenteric plexus is the type 2 morphogenetic protein (BMP2), produced mainly by muscle macrophages. The homeostasis of the BMP2/macrophage ratio is directly involved with intestinal motility and the maintenance of organ function. Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate the production of intestinal BMP2 with the production of cytokines and histopathological changes in C57Bl / 6 mice. infected by the T. cruzi Y strain in the periods of 30 and 90 days of infection. The mice were infected with 1000 blood trypomastigote forms. After the infection period, the mice were euthanized and the spleen and intestine were collected. The intestine was divided in two, one fragment was used for histological analysis and the other for quantification of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and BMP2, as well as the spleen. Infection with strain Y induced an increase in the production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and BMP2 in the intestine after 30 days of infection, as well as an increase in the inflammatory infiltrate and a decrease in the number of neurons in the myenteric plexus. Collagen deposition increased gradually throughout the infection, demonstrated at 90 days of infection. It was observed that the increase in BMP2 after 30 days of infection has a positive correlation with the increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the intestine. However, BMP2 and IFN-γ showed a negative correlation with the number of neurons in the myenteric plexus in the same period in the organ. As a first report of the alteration of BMP2 production after infection by T. cruzi, it is suggested that this imbalance may represent a new pathway in maintaining the intestinal pro-inflammatory profile, as well as being related to the neuronal damage that the infectious process establishes.
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    Infecção por Stenotrophomonas maltophilia em hospital terciário em Goiânia: características clínicas e microbiológicas e fatores de risco para letalidade
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-07-08) Silva, Claudia Neto Gonçalves Neves da; Araújo Filho, João Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3769452101687074; Araújo Filho, João Alves de; Kipnis, André; Pereira, Milca Severino
    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacillus found in natural and in hospital environments. S maltophilia’s high level intrinsic resistence to antibiotics and heavy metals justifies the importance of this bacteria in the nosocomial environment. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, and the outcome of infection due to S. maltophilia; describe the antibiotic sensitivity and the genetic relatedness from this bacteria from january 2010 to july 2013 in Hospital das Clínicas – UFG (HC/UFG). Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from medical records of patients; antimicrobial sensitivity was determined by the methodology Vitek 2®; and the genetic similarity was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Eletrophoresis (PFGE). Over the study period, 75 isolates of S. maltophilia were indentified in 56 patients, with mean of 1.34 isolates per patient (range 1-8). Among the total, 34.6% were in the clinical intensive care unit, and 17.3% in the clinical infirmary. The 3 intensive care unit accounted for 56% of all isolates. The mean age of patientes was 45.75 years (range 0-83 years), and 51.8% were male. All cases of infection were considered health care-associated. The most comom coexisting condition were haematological malignancy, in 18 (32.1%) patientes. The most frequent clinical manifestations was fever in 47 (83.9%) patients, and leukocytosis or leukopenia in 31 (55.4%). Invasive devices were frequently used, and central venous cateter, and mechanical ventilation were the most. Most patients (94.6%) used broad spectrum antibiotics before the acquisition of the bacteria. The most frequent type of infection was ventilator-associated pneumonia (42.9%) followed by cateter-associated bacteremia (16.1%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was the treatment of choice in 32 (57.1%) patients. The outcome of infection due to S. maltophilia was infection-related death in 62.5%. The risk factors related to mortality in this study were shock, acute renal failure, use of mechanical ventilation, use of urinary device and feeding tube. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance, the treatment of choice for infection by S. maltophilia, and levofloxacin resistence were detected in HC / UFG. Twenty isolates were assessed for genetic variability by pulsed-field gel eletrophoresis (PFGE) with observation of high variability between strains. We conclude that S. maltophilia is a nosocomial bacteria of clinical importance mainly due to high associated mortality, and few therapeutic options. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was low, but must be monitored in HC / UFG.