A importância das abelhas para a cultura do tomateiro
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2016-12-09
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Improper use of pesticides is negative visiting bees of agricultural crops, reducing the
gains in production resulting from pollination. There are no studies on the effect of fungicides on
the bees that pollinate crops, and not only insecticides can cause negative effects bees. The tomato
production, is that culture is widely carried out in greenhouses, a condition that reduces the use of
pesticides, but generates the pollination deficit, reducing the production of fruit. Thus, the
objectives of this study are to verify the pesticides used in tomato crop and the list of products with
bees the influence of fungicides in the pollination of culture and bee management in protected
environment. In this study there were three activities, first a case study with a survey of pesticides
used in tomato plantation in Goianápolis, followed by experiment conducted in a greenhouse to
check the pollination of tomato by stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata and last group
experiments to verify effect repellency pollinators of tomato by different combinations of
fungicides in the field and their respective fruit production, followed by the death of M.
quadrifasciata bees in the laboratory with the use of fungicides. The use of 35 pesticides was
found, and 40.5% only of the insecticide class, 32.4% are fungicides, 13.5% are miticides and
insecticides and only two products used belong to class of fungicides and bactericides and
herbicides. Regarding the toxicological classification of the products, 51.4% are classified as
moderately toxic, however 17.14% are classified as extremely toxic and highly toxic, amounting to
34.38% for both groups and only 14.2% are classified as low toxicity. Thus, about 97% of the
products used have some degree of danger in relation to the environment. 22 (62.85%) of the
chemicals used in growing tomato show the dose lethal to A. mellifera, mostly represented by
insecticides. As for pollination in the greenhouse, the fruits of tomatoes produced in greenhouses
with the presence of bees showed a superiority of 15% in fresh weight and 41.1% in the number of
seeds in relation to the fruits produced in an open environment. For tomato indeterminate growth,
seed yield is 33% greater when the flower is pollinated and mass production of tomatoes reaches a
16% gain. The results show the relevance of the use of M. quadrifasciata directed pollination in the
greenhouse. The mortality rate for M. quadrifasciata in 24 hours valuation was higher for copper
hydroxide and Trifloxistrobin and Tebuconazole, being approximately 75% and 50%, respectively.
Already Mancozeb, Bacillus subtilis and the witness did not differ among themselves. Thus, the more
pesticide applications made on tomato flowers, fewer visits from bees flowers and
consequentenente lower the amount of pollen grains deposited on stigmas, reflecting in fruit
production.
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Silva-Neto, C. M. A importância das abelhas para a cultura do tomateiro. 2016. 115 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.