Doutorado em Agronomia (EA)
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Item Microrganismos multifuncionais como estratégia para suprir a demanda de fósforo na produção sustentável de grãos no cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-04-17) Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3194091518396388; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley; Sousa, Cleiton Mateus; Lobo Junior, Murillo; Leandro, Wilson MozenaEmbargadoItem Eficiência agronômica de potencial remineralizador dkx na cultura de milho silagem(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-28) Teles, Thiago Augusto Sampaio; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Cardoso, Aline Assis; Belo , Emiliane dos Santos; Santos, Tássia Tuane Moreira dos; Leandro, Wilson MozenaEmbargadaItem Baru: alporquia, potencial fisiológico e terapia fotodinâmica em sementes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-01-20) Torres, Géssica Xavier; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; Vieira, Muza do Carmo; Souza, Jaqueline Lima da Conceição; Araújo, Ruth de Abreu; Calil, Francine NevesEmbargado.Item Rizobactérias e silício no manejo da cultura do arroz de terras altas ao déficit hídrico e à brusone(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-03-10) Oliveira, Rodrigo Silva de; Lanna, Anna Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0661616367659826; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Araujo, Leila Garces de; Siebeneichler, Susana Cristine; Schurt, Daniel Augusto; Marques, EderRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the cereals with the highest potential for providing and maintaining human nutritional needs. Biotic factors (Magnaporthe oryzae) and abiotic factors (water deficiency) can compromise rice crops, such as diseases that reduce productivity and affect grain quality, as well as conditions of water stress. Additionally, the limited availability of Phosphorus (P) in the Cerrado soil stimulates the search for technologies such as phosphorus-solubilizing rhizobacteria and plant growth promoters to improve the acquisition of scarce minerals by plants and mitigate these stresses. The present study aimed to evaluate the combination of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Serratia marcescens and Bacillus toyonensis) and silicon (Si) in managing upland rice crops under water deficit and blast stress. In the first study, S. marcescens showed potential to solubilize non-labile phosphorus and promote plant growth. Inoculation with S. marcescens increased root area by 61.5%, volume by 31.5%, and length by 101%. The presence of phosphorus solubilization halos around root segments confirmed its solubilizing action. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detected biofilms and microcolonies of the bacteria. Genome analysis revealed genes related to indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, and biofilm production. In the second study, the combination of S. marcescens and B. toyonensis with silicon and non-labile phosphorus was tested under different osmotic pressures to evaluate resistance to water stress. The combination increased surface area: 27.5% (0 MPa), 20% (-2 MPa), and 18.5% (-4 MPa); root volume: 150% (0 MPa), 58% (-2 MPa), and 55% (-4 MPa); total length: 67.5% (0 MPa) and 116.5% (-2 MPa); thick roots: 158.5% (-2 MPa) and 25.5% (-4 MPa); very fine roots: 18.5% (-2 MPa) and 30% (-4 MPa). The presence of halos around microbiolized plant segments confirmed phosphorus solubilization. SEM revealed biofilms, microcolonies, and glycocalyx under different osmotic conditions. In the third study, rhizobacteria combined with Si suppressed blast and mitigated the effects of drought in rice grown in a greenhouse. Key results include: rice productivity increased by 72% under water deficit and 35% under irrigation; reduction of panicle blast (PBS) by 60% under water deficit and 77% under irrigation; reduction of blast on the auricle and ligule by 44% under water deficit and 70% under irrigation; positive modulation of antioxidant enzymes and defense-related proteins. In the fourth study, the impact of bioagents and silicon on suppressing blast and promoting rice growth under low phosphorus availability was analyzed in two field crops. Bioagents and silicon reduced leaf blast (LBS) by 77.93% and panicle blast (PBS) by 62.37%. Additionally: the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was reduced by 77.3% (LBS) and 60.6% (PBS); grain yield in the first crop (E1) was 25% higher than in the second crop (E2). In E2, productivity increased by 71.95% (2435.72 kg/ha) compared to the control. The combination of bioagents and silicon improved biochemical and enzymatic indicators, reducing the impact of blast and optimizing rice productivity in low soil fertility conditions. In the fifth study, the interaction between rhizobacteria and silicon promoted growth, nutrient absorption, and rice productivity under low phosphorus availability. The results were: suppression of blast, reduction by 77.93% (LBS) and 62.37% (PBS); reduction of AUDPC: 77.3% (LBS) and 60.6% (PBS); increased nutrient absorption: phosphorus (45%); potassium (21%); iron (94%); manganese (50%); zinc (10%). Improvement in plant growth: height increased by 10%; number of tillers by 19%; number of panicles by 43%; aerial biomass increased by 49%; reduction of panicle sterility by 49%; productivity increased by 72% in E2 (2435.72 kg/ha) compared to the control. Therefore, based on the results of the studies, we can conclude that rhizobacteria and silicon can be integrated into the management of blast and upland rice productivity.Item Caracterização morfoagronômica de acessos do gênero Capsicum da coleção de pimentas da Escola de Agronomia da UFG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-09) Dias, Fernanda Martins; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Reis Nascimento, Abadia dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6270103344297514; Reis Nascimento, Abadia dos; Sousa, Cleiton Mateus; Faria, Raquel Cintra de; Silva, Flavio Alves da; Campos, Luiz Fernandes CardosoEmbargado.Item Sensor multiespectral embarcado em sistema de aeronave remotamente pilotada para manejo de nitrogênio em milho e feijão-comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-03-21) Silva, Diogo Castilho; Ferreira , Manuel Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4498594723433539; Carvalho , Maria da Conceição Santana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0717306636933723; Madari, Beata Emoke; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0302689027695014; Madari, Beata Emoke; Ferreira , Manuel Eduardo; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana; Moreira , Alisson Neves Harmyans; Ruiz, Luis Fernando ChimeloThis comprehensive study aims to advance the field of rapid phenotyping by leveraging unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and multispectral imagery to enhance the assessment of critical plant traits, with a particular focus on nitrogen content and yield optimization. Building upon a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed papers from 13 countries, on the first chapter, we synthesized existing knowledge on the association between vegetation indices (VIs) and plant traits across different growth stages of 11 major crop species. Drawing insights from experiments conducted over two consecutive years, we investigated the correlation between VIs, leaf nitrogen content (LNC), and yield at key growth stages of corn and common bean. The second chapter examined the efficacy of VIs such as Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Green to Near–Infrared Band Ratio (GN) and Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (TCARI) in predicting nitrogen rates and grain yield in corn at V6, V11, and R1 stages. The third chapter focused on common bean growth, integrating selected VIs with texture data derived from UAV-based multispectral images to accurately estimate LNC across critical growth stages (V4, R5, and R7). Notably, the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (MCARI) emerged as robust predictors of LNC, with the addition of texture metrics enhancing accuracy, especially when combined with machine learning models like random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). Our findings underscore the potential of UAV-based multispectral imagery coupled with advanced analytical techniques to revolutionize phenotyping efforts, facilitating more precise monitoring of key plant traits and optimizing crop management strategies for better use of inputs and maintenance of yield over time.Item Vermicompostagem de lodo de curtume na cultura do tomateiro irrigado com água residuária de esgoto doméstico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-26) Cunha, Ananda Helena Nunes; Araújo, Fernando Godinho de; Pinto, Guilherme Malafaia; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Pinto, Guilherme Malafaia; Vieira, Jonas AlvesThis study developed different experiments in greenhouse conditions, which, in general, sought to evaluate the use of vermicompost of tannery sludge and domestic sewage in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The first study evaluated the vermicomposting tannery sludge mixed with cattle manure, poultry litter, sugarcane and rice husk ash in different proportions, in order to produce vermicompost with high nutritional quality, such as waste treatment technology. The results showed that the vermicompost produced with Eisenia foetida present in most parameters assessed in treatment, statistical differences on the treatments, and the comparison made between the initial and final values. The final concentrations of the variables N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Ni were, in general, larger than the initial concentrations for all treatments, favoring a final destination environmentally suitable for tannery sludge, since the results allowed the use of these as fertilizer for later plant nutrition. In general, vermicomposts had C/N, chromium, nitrogen, pH, copper, nickel and lead appropriate technical specifications of Instruction MAPA and CONAMA resolution, highlighting the T1 (100% EB) and T8 (25% LC + 75% CC). The second study investigated the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variety Santa Cruz Kada (paulista) irrigated with domestic wastewater and fertilized with tannery sludge vermicompost in a typical Dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol). From the first study was chosen the best vermicompost seeking fertility and a source of potassium as a criterion of choice. For the results obtained T2 (25% Sludge tannery + rice husk) had a higher weight value of the fruits as well as production (6.68 kg) and longitudinal diameter. For pH values of tomato fruits stands T4 (50% Sludge tannery + Grey cane) value of 4.40, which does not differ from other treatments, except for T1 (25% Sludge tannery + manure beef). For different types of water (wastewater and water supply) it is observed that the T3 (50% Sludge tannery + bovine manure) and T5 (conventional fertilization) have higher values of pH and Brix. For the time it was observed that there was no interaction between the sources of variation "treatments" and "water". According to nutritional assessment, only boron showed values below critical levels, which does not hurt production. The thirtd study aimed to evaluate the effect of tannery sludge vermicompost in chemical properties of soil cultivated with tomato and irrigated with wastewater. As shown in the results the addition of vermicomposto, mainly in the addition of T2 = 25% + LC 75% of rice husk and T4 = 50% + LC 50% cane ash, increasing concentrations of soil chemical properties, favoring this condition as soil conditioner even after the tomato crop. Thus, it is concluded that the tannery sludge vermicompost mixed with different substrates are important sources of nutrients for the tomato crop favored by irrigation domestic sewage. However, we suggest caution in the use of these residues in agricultural reuse for environmental preservation, since there may be excess nutrients when applying vermicompost combined with the domestic sewage, the latter should be used to complement the made fertilization. The increase of nutrients in the soil, since significant increases were observed in all the elements, demonstrating viability as biotechnology disposal of waste must be observed.Item Isolamento, caracterização e aplicação da fração proteica de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) extraída por método alcalino assistido por ultrassom(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-04-04) Prado, Priscylla Martins Carrijo; Caliari, Márcio; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; Cavalcante, Rodrigo Barbosa Monteiro; Oliveira, Aryane Ribeiro; Mársico, Eliane Teixeira; Santos, Elaine Alves dosThe objective of this research was to test the alkaline method followed by isoelectric precipitation in the extraction of protein from whole chickpea flour, aiming to optimize processing time and improve the technological properties of protein extracts, as well as to characterize and apply these extracts in vegetable burgers. For protein extraction, a BoxBehnken design was used, varying the solid-to-liquid ratio (1:05; 1:10; 1:15), pH (7.0; 9.5; and 12.0), and sonication time (10; 25; and 40 min) at three levels, totaling 15 assays, plus three repetitions at the central point. The most desirable experiment (ED - solid-to-liquid ratio 1:12.5 g mL-1, pH 9.5, and 40 min time) was compared to the extract from the control experiment (EC) and three other experimental conditions evaluated for their technological, chemical, physicochemical, and morphological properties. Subsequently, vegan burgers were formulated with different plant sources for comparison of technological, chemical, and textural properties with a commercial one in a first assay. Then, ED was used in the formulations of vegan burgers at different levels of substitution of whole chickpea flour by chickpea protein extract, generating a second assay, which also compared the use of two natural dyes (açaí and beetroot). The alkaline extraction method assisted by ultrasound did not increase yield but reduced extraction time and improved functional properties, indicating that the extracted protein fraction has potential for use in the development of new food products. In the burger assay, there was an increase of about 24% in yield and moisture retention, and up to 72% in oil retention when comparing burgers from different plant sources to the commercial one, although the latter stood out in protein and fiber composition, providing texture quality. In the assay with the addition of protein extract, there was an increase of up to 2% in yield and about 52% in oil retention. However, natural dyes contributed to increasing fiber content by up to 11%, surpassing that of the commercial one. Further studies with different extraction conditions can be conducted to try to improve the properties of chickpea protein extracts, and enrichment with higher percentages of chickpea protein or combination with other protein extracts can be tested to increase the protein content of vegetable burgers. However, the extracts are viable alternatives for application in food, as the formulations produced in this research indicate a good alternative for those seeking plant-based products.Item Caracterização das regiões produtoras de feijão-comum baseada no risco climático(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-28) Justino, Ludmilla Ferreira; Matta, David Henriques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0274497958438413; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luis Fernando; Battisti, Rafael; Cuadra, Santiago Vianna; Alves Júnior, JoséThe aim of this study was to define the climatic risks of yield loss in common bean and identify and classify the regions producing this grain in Brazil, through computer simulation, functional data analysis and machine learning tools. Simulations were carried out with the CSM-CROPGRO-Dry Bean model for different municipalities, sowing dates and growing seasons (wet, dry and winter). To define the yield loss, the loss curves were calculated by season, year and municipality, based on simulated yield. Subsequently, the curves were grouped using functional K-means and a functional average loss curve was established to explain the behavior of each group of municipalities. To identify and classify homogeneous common bean production regions, K-means and decision tree machine learning techniques were used to, respectively, group homogeneous environments based on simulated yield and associate environmental covariates with homogeneous environments. In general, during the wet season, the delay in sowing contributed to the increase in common bean yield. At later dates (between 10/dec and 30/dec) yield loss of less than 20% were observed. During the dry season, the delay in sowing caused a reduction in yield, mainly in the Central-West and Southeast regions, with the loss exceeding 70% (10/mar). At these seasons, water stress was the main factor in yield losses. In winter, yield varied less markedly between sowing dates. The use of irrigation at this time provides smaller loss in yield (< 20%), although air temperature is a limiting factor for the expansion of common bean cultivation.Item Fertilização nitrogenada como ferramenta para mitigação de efeitos do déficit de radiação solar no arroz irrigado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-06) Carvalho, Renata de Castro Marques; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5678716451015561; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luís Fernando; Santos, Marcos Paulo dos; Silva, Rodrigo de Souza; Silva, Elaine Fernanda daRice is part of the routine diet of the Brazilian population. Worldwide, it is considered one of the species with the greatest potential for combating hunger. Nitrogen is the nutrient most required by the rice crop. Solar radiation is one of the elements of the climate that most affects crop productivity. In Brazil, rice is grown in different regions, whose locations have a different supply of solar radiation throughout the cycle. This is one of the factors that explains the differences in productivity between regions. Some studies have shown that the supply of nitrogen as a top dressing minimizes the damage caused by solar radiation deficit in irrigated rice. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the solar radiation deficit on two cultivars of irrigated rice and to investigate whether the supply of nitrogen minimizes the effects caused by this deficit. Two field trials were conducted for the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 harvests. The work was carried out at the Palmital Farm experimental station, belonging to Embrapa Rice & Beans, in the municipality of Goianira-Goiás. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a subdivided plot design, with shading as the main plot, the nitrogen dose as the subplot and the cultivars as the sub-sub-plots. The cultivars studied were BRS Catiana and IRGA 424 RI. The nitrogen source used was urea, at doses of 50 kg ha-1 of N (applied just once, at the V2 stage) and 180 kg ha-1 of N (spread over three seasons, V2; V3 and V6, with the respective doses of 50; 50 and 80 kg ha-1 of N). The light-restricted plots were covered with a black propylene screen with an attenuation capacity of 30% of global solar radiation, which was installed at the start of flowering (R4) and remained in place until physiological maturity (R9). Fifteen days after the shading was installed, the plants' gas exchange was assessed using an infrared gas analyzer. At the same time, plant samples were taken for analysis of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and total nitrogen content. At harvest time, a 1.0 m row was sampled for analysis of yield components. Yield was obtained by harvesting 10 m of the row. Whole grain yield was assessed by processing a 100 gram sample from each experimental plot. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test (p<0,05). Shading reduced the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem of the cultivars in the shaded condition. The nitrogen content in the plant was reduced under conditions of light restriction. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration) was affected by the availability of solar radiation. Under shaded conditions, there was a lower yield of whole grains. Increased nitrogen application allowed for a recovery in gas exchange, non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen content in the plant, productivity and whole grain yield, under conditions of limited solar radiation. The IRGA 424 RI cultivar had a greater ability to adjust in the shaded condition compared to BRS Catiana, which implied higher productivity in this condition. In the unshaded condition and at the highest dose of N (180 kg ha-1), the BRS Catiana cultivar showed higher productivity than IRGA 424 RI. Applying nitrogen as a top dressing is a management strategy that can be applied to minimize the impact of solar radiation deficit on irrigated rice crops.Item Fenologia de plantas e curva de maturação de frutos de caquizeiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-05-01) Nascimento, Lucas Marquezan; Cunha Júnior, Luis Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3474242164762840; Campos, André José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2482841074252872; Seleguini, Alexsander; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4677527012573000; Souza, Elí Regina Barboza de; Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso; Vendruscolo, Eduardo Pradi; Camilo, Yanuzi Mara Vargas; Seleguini, AlexsanderClimatic changes tend to cause changes in the phenological behavior of plants, directly influencing the development and changing the duration of the cycle. Such variations will influence the management, growth, seasonality of the plants and their fruits, as well as their maturation and quality. The objective was to evaluate the phenological behavior and fruit development of three common persimmon cultivars (Rama Forte, Giombo and Pomelo) conducted in the Midwest of Brazil. The plants were evaluated during four subsequent cycles, from August 2014 to June 2018. For the studies that involved the phenology of the plants, the following phenophases were counted, in days after the production pruning: swollen bud, green tip, sprouting , flowering, fruiting, fruits with 50% of the final size, fruits with 70% of the final size, fruits with 90% of the final size, beginning of the harvest and end of the harvest. For thermal sum the thermal sum or degrees-day (GD) was considered for the culture to complete each phenological phase. The number of accumulated cold hours (NHF) was also quantified. For the ripening curve, in 2018, 120 fruits were marked on six plants in the orchard. Weekly, two months after pruning and application of hydrogenated cyanamide (WAC), the transversal (DT) and longitudinal diameter of the fruit (DL) in the field were evaluated. From the 18th to the 31st week after the application of hydrogenated cyanamide, nine fruits were analyzed weekly being measured the color of the pulp and skin, external and pulp firmness (FIR), fresh mass, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (AT), pH and Maturation Index. In hot years and with late pruning, plants sprouted more quickly. ‘Pomelo’ has adapted better to the local climate. The interval between sprouting and flowering in tropical conditions was shorter than that observed by other authors in milder climates. Annual climatic variations caused differences in the growth rates of the transverse diameter of the fruits. ‘Pomelo’, ‘Giombo’ and ‘Rama Forte’ reached the point of harvest with less thermal need compared to other published works. ‘Rama Forte’ and ‘Giombo’ did not show a pattern of thermal demand between the years. At least 400 hours below 14 ° C met the demand in cold hours of the persimmon tree. Fruit growth was faster until the 14th WAC. Between the 15th and the 20th WAC there was a reduction in the growth rate, and after the 22nd WAC the fruits started to have a more expressive growth. ‘Pomelo’ had bigger and heavier fruits. The epidermis of the fruits changed from green when immature to intense red when ripe. In three weeks, the external FIR went from 81 N to 5 N. The peak in the SS content of the fruits of ‘Pomelo’ and ‘Rama Forte’ was at the 26th WAC, and ‘Giombo’ at the 29th SAC. Under tropical savanna conditions, it is recommended that the best time to harvest the fruits of the cultivars is about three weeks before full maturity.Item Evapotranspiração das culturas do milho e feijão no bioma Cerrado utilizando sensoriamento remoto por drones e satélites(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-28) Almeida, Fillipe de Paula; Teixeira, Antônio Heriberto de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9956312513672760; Júnior, José Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior, José; Souza, João Maurício Fernandes; Giongo, Pedro Rogerio; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Pena, Diogo SilvaCorn and beans are two of the main grains grown worldwide, with great importance in human and animal food. Corn cultivation is carried out mainly in the 1st and 2nd harvest, depending most of the time on rain and being vulnerable to dry spells. Likewise beans, which are mostly produced in the 2nd harvest. As a result, knowledge of crop evapotranspiration is essential to feed models for estimating and breaking productivity, managing water resources and managing irrigation. In this context, remote sensing becomes a viable alternative, with low operating costs and good accuracy. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) algorithm in estimating the current evapotranspiration (ETa) of corn and bean crops in the northwest region of Goiás. Both studies were carried out in ItaberaíGoiás in an area irrigated by center pivot in the year 2021. The research was carried out in two parts: the first was to evaluate the impact of bolting on the calculated ET in an area cultivated with corn. Images from a MicaSense Altum multispectral and thermal camera coupled to a drone and three different sources of albedo images were used: Landsat 8, Sentinel 2A and drone. The albedo from the drone was obtained through the camera's reflectance images. The second part was to evaluate the impact of different albedo sources on the calculated ET, also using the camera images, but using four albedo sources. For this, an albedometer was installed in the field. The ET estimated by each source was determined with the ET obtained by the FAO method, Embrapa and climatological water balance from statistical indices. Tasseling in the maize crop contaminated the NDVI and albedo pixels, leading to a greater underestimation in the reproductive phase. On average, the MDE (mean square error) and AME (mean absolute error) were close to 1 mm day-1. Estimation of ET by remote sensing is not recommended for the reproductive phase of maize. Estimation of the ETa for the common bean crop is recommended from multispectral and thermal camera images, with both surface albedo sources. The confidence index ranges from 0.91 to 0.97. ETDroneAlb showed lower error compared to the standard methods.Item Respostas da cultura do tomate para processamento industrial a fatores ambientais e irrigação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-16) Knapp, Fábio Miguel; Battisti, Rafael; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9350992609794419; Alves Júnior, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior, José; Battisti, Rafael; Casaroli, Derblai; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Bezerra, Ricardo de SouzaThe tomato crop for industry is strongly conditioned by environmental conditions. In this way, this work aimed to determine the meteorological variable with the greatest influence and contribution to growth and the thermal sum accumulated in each stage of development of different hybrids, in addition to evaluating the responses of tomato plants in two irrigation systems: central pivot sprinkler and located by subsurface drip. For this, experiments were set up in Abadia de Goiás, Hidrolândia, Itaberaí, Palmeiras de Goiás, Piracanjuba and Silvânia during the 2020 harvest, fortnightly collections of plants were carried out for biometric measurement of number of leaves, leaf area, number of branches, number of fruit and plant height, as well as the collection of meteorological variables from each location with the aid of an automatic meteorological station, to determine the variable with the greatest interference in the growth and development of the crop, canonical correlation and multivariate Stepwise regression were used, in addition to separation of averages by Scott-knott. The main variable that affected crop growth was water availability. The water supply was responsible for 86.2% of the plant height and 79.6% of the leaf area index. On the other hand, the average air temperature, solar radiation and accumulated thermal sum showed little influence on crop growth. The industrial tomato responded to the accumulated degree days, with the average degree days accumulated in the first and second seasons of 1,394 and 1,364 degree days, respectively, and its average cycle of 124 and 116 days from transplanting to maturation. The irrigation systems did not show savings in the amount of water used in the crop during the cycle, but the subsurface drip irrigation system provided a shorter period of leaf wetness, improving plant health, delaying senescence and leaf abscission and providing greater productivity and increase in water use efficiency in this system.Item Identificação molecular de helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-21) Oliveira, Thayssa Monize Rosa de; Tembrock, Luke Raymond; Gilligan, Todd Michael; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Timm, Alicia Eva; Dianese, Érico de Campos; Coelho, Regina Melo Sartori; Godinho, Karina Cordeiro AlbernazPreviously found only on Old World continents, the caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is capable of great economic damage, coming to be considered one of the most destructive agricultural pests. Its identification through morphological analysis is only possible with complex dissection of the adult male genitalia. The morphology of all phases of the life cycle, egg, larva, pupa and adult, is very similar with the morphology of other species of the genus, making the identification difficult. As it is a highly invasive pest and correct identification is the first step to be taken to decide the best management strategy, we realize the need for precise, easy and fast tools for the identification of this species. Thus, the objective of the work was to develop specific primers and to optimize different protocols for use in real-time PCR and digital PCR methodologies in order to identify H. armigera, even if this sample is of poor quality, only a fragment and/or is mixed with other species. For that, design, selection and optimization of primer and probe concentrations, primer annealing temperature gradients, tests and adaptations with different DNA extraction methods were carried out, with or without post-DNA extraction purification, tests with different ratios of H. zea and H. armigera mixed in the same reaction, determination of the maximum sensitivity in both methodologies and interpretation of the obtained data. We present the protocols developed to successfully identify the specie H. armigera, both with real-time PCR and digital PCR methodologies.Item Papel de Urochloa brizantha em áreas antropizadas no Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-12) Monteiro, Marina Morais; Correchel, Vladia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4781536691286837; Venturoli, Fábio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3977914284672829; Correchel, Vladia; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Calil, Francine Neves; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; Collier, LeonardoInvasive species are among the leading causes of global ecological degradation. When invasion occurs in hotspots, such as the Brazilian Savanna, the Cerrado biome, the aggravation of the presence of these species becomes even more worrying. In the Cerrado, african grasses, mainly of the genus Urochloa, initially introduced for livestock purposes, have become a barrier to ecological restoration in recent decades. Due to aggressive competition with native plants, these species tend to occupy the ground persistently, acting as a barrier to natural regeneration and other means of restoration of degraded areas, such as planting native trees. Therefore, the control of these exotic grasses is essential for the return and maintenance of ecological balance in degraded areas in the Cerrado. Thus, the understanding of the relationship of these grasses with soil aspects of degraded environments and the development of techniques that optimize the ecological restoration processes can act favoring the ecological succession and the barrier transposition imposed by these invasive plants. Therefore, the present work aimed to establish correlations between ground cover, soil physicochemical aspects and the environments in which it occurs, and these environments present different levels of ecological degradation with the occurrence of african grass Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D.Webster. At the same time, in one of these environments, we tested the effectiveness of using polystyrene plastic tarpaulin to fray U.brizantha in the crowning region of tree species in planting to recover degraded area. The study area (16º33'26,5''S; 49º17'25,7''W) has environments allocated in a private rural property and in a vegetation fragment adjacent to the same property, in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil. Originally, the area was part of the Cerrado biome, but it is currently divided into five different land use environments: 21 ha of remaining Mata Seca, 10 ha of grass with U.brizantha (Braquiarão), 6 ha in natural regeneration process of native vegetation for 15 years, 2.5 ha of 10-month-old native tree planting and two ha of 10-year-old native tree planting. Ground cover data were collected with the assist of a 40 cm x 60 cm template, which was randomly launched 30 times in each environment. Through the template the percentage of ground occupied by U. brizantha, native regenerating species, exposed ground and litter was accounted. For soil analysis, deformed samples were collected from 0 to 20 cm for soil chemistry description and undisturbed for soil physics. For the tarpaulin test, in the 10-month-old native tree planting environment, the species with the largest number of individuals (421), Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, was selected and a fragment of 1m2 polystyrene plastic tarpaulin was allocated to 30 seedlings crown region’s. The seedling survival and growth data were collected by counting the number of individuals remaining alive over time and measuring their seedlings. heights (H) and collection diameters (DC), respectively. H and DC were collected in two periods, the first, five months after planting and the second 13 months after planting. Mortality data were collected at 13 months after planting. All data were submitted to multivariate analysis, the first correlating the physical soil characteristics and the ground cover with the environments and the second correlating the survival and growth of the seedlings with the percentage of U. brizantha in the crowning region of A. colubrina seedlings with the use of plastic tarpaulin In the first analysis it was noticed that the study environments differ more due to the ground cover than the physical aspects of the soil but that the soil moisture and the hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil are the physical properties that most differentiating the environment in natural regeneration of the others. In the second analysis, for the tarpaulin test, it was concluded that the effect of tarpaulin use on the crown region of A. colubrina seedlings was sufficient to eliminate U.brizantha from this region, not influencing the mortality and incremental rate. in H and CD of the A. colubrina and was more pronounced in the rainy season than in the dry season.Item Seleção de genótipos de cana-energia em produção orgânica e convencional e resposta a adubação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-27) Santos, Tamara Rocha dos; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Nascimento, Abadia dos Reis; Ferreira, Gislene Auxiliadora; Silva, Vanderli Luciano da; Calil, Francine NevesThe objective of this work was to select energy cane genotypes in different agricultural production systems (organic and conventional) and to evaluate the influences of fertilization on some phenotypic and agronomic characteristics in first and second year harvest. The two field studies were carried out in an experimental area belonging to the Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia-GO, one of the experiments being carried out in an area certified as organic by IBD (certificate GO-022-001) and the other in a conventional area. A greenhouse test was also set up. The soils in the experimental areas (organic and conventional) are classified as Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico and the one used in the greenhouse is the Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico. In the field experiments, the test was carried out in plots consisting of 7.5 m2 per plot with borders of 1.5 m (5 meters in length, spaced in 1.5 m) with the planting of sheets containing three buds in 30 cm furrows. depth, with three sheets per meter. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replications. And in a field experiment, the treatments were: T1- Organic fertilization (200 m3 / ha of biofertilizer) and T2- Control (without fertilization) and the second factor, the genotypes: UFPR 1274, UFPR 1230, UFPR 12180 and UFPR 127004. In the greenhouse, the experimental design was randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme, 2x5, the first factor being: T1- Nitrogen fertilization (50 mg / kg of urea) T2- Control (without fertilization) and the second factor, the genotypes: RB 127008, UFPR 1230, UFPR 1213, UFPR 1274 and a commercial cultivar with four replications. 24 energy cane genotypes were used, obtained from the Energy Cane Genetic Improvement Program at the Federal University of Viçosa (PMGCA / UFV / RIDESA). The agronomic and phenotypic variables carried out in the field studies were: content of soluble solids (Brix°), plant color, plant height, stem diameter and total biomass. The variables evaluated in the greenhouse study were: plant height, stem diameter; root growth, root volume and leaf area. It is concluded that the energy cane genotypes evaluated show high productivity, showing great potential for planting in conventional system. The genotypes with the highest performance in terms of biomass are: RB 127004, UFPR 12157, UFPR 1265, UFPR 12180 and UFPR 1277 in the conventional system and RB 127004 and RB 127035, UFPR 1273, UFPR 12180 and RB 127024 in the organic system. The phenotypic variable that correlates with biomass in the two production systems is the stem diameter. The energy cane genotypes evaluated are not responsible for chemical nitrogen fertilization or organic fertilization. The genotypes UFPR 1274 and the commercial variety show higher performances in terms of leaf area under nitrogen fertilization and the genotypes with higher performances in terms of biomass are: RB 127008 and UFPR 127004 under organic fertilization.Item Alternativas de manejo de Meloidogyne enterolobii Meloidogyne incognita em tomate industrial(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-11-22) Silva, Juliana de Oliveira; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; Santiago, Débora Cristina; Araújo, Fernando Godinho de; Pinheiro, Jadir Borges; Puerari, Heriksen HigashiRoot-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the main phytosanitary problems that hinder the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Among the species of the genus Meloidogyne, M. incognita stands out as the most important species for the tomato crop. Another species that has caused concern to the producers is M. enterolobii, due to its ability to develop in cultivars with resistance to other species of Meloidogyne. For an adequate control of these plant parasites it is necessary to adopt an integrated management using practices such as resistant cultivars, biological control, resistance induction, chemical control, among others. This study had the objective to evaluate the reaction of tomato genotypes to M. enterolobii and the effect of chemical and biological products on resistance induction of tomato plants to M. enterolobii. We also evaluated the efficiency of three non-fumigant nematicides on the M. incognita control in tomato plants. the development of nematodes and the histological modifications caused in the root cells of plants when treated with these products and evaluating three new non-fumigant nematicides in the reduction of the population of M. incognita in tomato. Twenty-one tomato genotypes were inoculated with 2000 eggs and J2 of M. enterolobii and kept in a greenhouse for 35 days after inoculation (DAI) were used. All genotypes tested showed a susceptibility reaction to M. enterolobii. Four tomato genotypes were submitted to treatments with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis + B. subtilis + Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM) and Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis, inoculated with M. enterolobii and evaluated 60 days after inoculation. The plants that received the treatment with B. subtilis presented greater development of aerial part and root. The ASM resistance-inducing agent was able to reduce the reproductive factor when applied to the PXT 408 genotype. Seedlings of cultivar H-9553 were inoculated with 2000 M. enterolobii eggs and J2 and treated with ASM; B. subtilis; B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + T. longibrachiatum and Extract of R. sachalinensis and collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 DAI for nematode penetration evaluation and histology of tomato root cells. In the evaluation of the nematode development and cell histology, the use of R. sachalinensis showed efficiency in the reduction of fourth stage juveniles and galls in the plants at 20 DAI and in the reduction of the final population of the nematode and reduced the number of females per gall. All the plants infected by the nematode, regardless of the treatment, presented vascular cylinder displaced from the center of the structure of the roots. Tomato seedlings of the Red Gnome cultivar were submitted to treatments with fluensulfone, fluopyran and fluazaindolizine and inoculated with 5000 eggs and J2 of M. incognita and evaluated at 60 DAI to determine the efficacy of the products used. The new nematicides tested showed efficiency in the reduction of the M. incognita population in the tomato roots.Item Sustentabilidade estrutural de latossolos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-28) Silva, Gustavo Cassiano da; Correchel, Vladia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4781536691286837; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4590604606790400; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; Correchel, Vladia; Flores, Rilner Alves; Severiano, Eduardo da Costa; Nóbrega, Julio César AzevedoWith the expansion of sugarcane cultivation in Brazil, the mechanized production system has promoted benefits such as reduced harvest time. However, if the soil has inadequate moisture levels, depending on the texture of the soil, the traffic of implements can result in soil compaction and, consequently, its degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-hydraulic attributes in commercial areas under sugarcane cultivation at the São Martinho plant (Boa Vista), located in the municipality of Quirinópolis de Goiás, and at the Jalles Machado plant in Goianésia, both under the conventional cultivation, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Four areas were selected for both study plants: first cycle of cultivation, three cycles, seven cycles and a reference area native vegetation, at the São Martinho plant first cycle cultivation, two cycles, four cycles and native vegetation at Jalles Machado. For the selection, the areas were pre-evaluated before the study, in order to obtain as homogeneous areas as possible, with areas of medium texture and variety RB 867515 in all areas of the São Martinho plant. At the Jalles Machado plant, areas of clay texture and variety CTC4 were selected. Regarding the study of physical water attributes, indicators of physical-water quality were evaluated, such as soil density, total porosity, saturation humidity, blocked pores, void index, macroporosity, microporosity, effective saturation, readily available water, soil water retention, aggregate stability, the mechanical resistance to penetration and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of field, in the 0-0,10 layers; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.30 and 0.40-0.50 m of a typical dystrophic RED LATOSOL. The data were submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis, at a significance level of 5%. The cultivation of sugarcane changed the physical-hydric quality of the soil in relation to the native vegetation. Therefore, regardless of the textural class and variety of sugarcane, the impacts of implantation of the crop are observed in the first, second and third cultivation cycles, but as of fourth cycles there are already signs of recovery of the soil's physical-water quality. Until seventh cycles this resilience of the productive environment is observed.Item Feições redoximórficas, micromorfologia e endurecimento da plintita em solos da planície do rio Araguaia, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-17) Santos, Djavan Pinheiro; Oliveira, Virlei Álvaro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0739376049142731; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4590604606790400; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; Oliveira, Virlei Álvaro de; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Souza Júnior, Valdomiro Severino de; Pereira, Marcos GervásioThe soils of the Araguaia River plain have abundance in redoxymorphic features, especially plinthite. The predominant soils in this plain are plinthossols that are subjected to natural water table fluctuation and altered by the anthropic use nearby, by the flood irrigation project in Luiz Alves, São Miguel do Araguaia, state of Goiás. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the chemical and mineralogical composition of the redoxymorphic features, dynamics of the iron element present in the soils, formation mechanisms and possible causes or conditioning of the plintite hardening, as well as the morphological aspects (macro and micro) of this feature. Redoxymorphic features were collected in different positions of the soil profiles and submitted to all analytical procedures as recommended by the specialized manuals for each analysis, as well as specific equipment to obtain the data. The iron contents in all the studied forms determined are always higher in the plinthite feature, intermediate in the mottled feature and lower in the soil matrix feature. The iron present in secondary minerals (vermiculites, VHES and illites) reach values of the order of 64.60% in P1 and 58.02% in P2, while only part (around 35.40% in P1 and 41.98% in P2) is detected in the form of oxides such as goethite and hematite that would have the possibility of being formed in oxi-reduction processes. The mottled and plintite features present in these soils are not the product of the classic process of segregation, mobilization and accumulation of iron as a result of oxidation processes. They formed or appeared in them as a result of a relatively slow and constant decomposition process of their source material, which is being decomposed in an aqueous medium releasing much of its components, including iron and more mobile elements such as bases and silicon, which leave the system by draining water, and some small part of them can recombine to form new less complex minerals, such as kaolinites and oxides. The greater hardness of the plintite features of the soils is directly related to the content of ferric iron contained in its fine fraction. Iron oxides are the elements responsible for promoting and maintaining the hardening of features. The presence of the plintite feature, with the requirements of color and hardness fully satisfied, was established in the cases studied with a combination of the following factors: condition of seasonality of the water regime; absolute levels of Fed of at least 40 g kg-1 associated with a Fed / Fes ratio of at least 0.35 and Fes values equal to or greater than 100 g kg-1 , associated with a Fes/Fet ratio of at least 0.70. The accumulations of iron identified in these features by the micromorphological study are probably formed in earlier times, immediately after the release of iron from silicate structures and in a distinct moisture condition that allowed its recombination in the form of oxides, probably with less water movement.Item Eficiência agronômica do fosfato natural de Bonito, MS, em milho, braquiária ruziziensis e feijoeiro comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-30) Freitas, Roberto José de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Calil, Francine Neves; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patricio de; Nascimento, Abadia dos Reis; Zang, Joachim WernerCerrado agriculture is highly dependent on the intensive application of fertilizers, given the natural conditions of low fertility of its soils. The correction and phosphate fertilization in particular constitute essential and costly operations, in view of the low availability and high adsorption of P in these soils, due to its high acidity and oxydic mineralogy. In addition, Brazil is highly dependent on the import of this nutrient, making wide use mainly of industrialized P sources with high solubility in water and high cost. Reactive natural phosphates are interesting technical and economic alternatives for application in these soils, also being provided for phosphate fertilization in agroecological production systems, where the use of industrialized soluble phosphates is not certified. The agronomic characteristics of these fertilizers are low solubility in water, presenting slower release of the nutrient. Most Brazilian phosphate reserves are of magmatic origin, with structure of non-weathered crystals, presenting very low efficiency if not industrially processed. Recently it was prospected and entered the process of mining in Bonito-MS, phosphate reserve of sedimentary origin, with P contents of the order of 20%, with great potential as a corrective source remineralizing the soil in this element. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of this natural phosphate of Bonito (FNB), compared to the natural phosphate of Morocco (FNM) and triple superphosphate (STP), applied in no-tillage of corn, intercropping with brachiaria ruziziensis and with successive cultivation of beans, in a cultivation model used in the recent crop-livestock integration systems, allowing to observe immediate and residual effects of the application. An experiment was installed in an area of the Agronomy School of UFG, with application in the fnb planting furrow at the doses of 45, 90,180 and 360 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 from the STP and FNM sources. The fertilization was carried out in spaced grooves of 50 cm, where corn was planted and sown to the pitch of brachiaria ruziziensis, also making sequential cultivation of beans. There were significant responses to fnb doses in grain yield and leaf terrors of Corn and bean P, in the dry matter production of brachiaria, as well as in the increase of soil P availability, demonstrating that the FNB is an efficient source of P for fertilization and soil correction in the Cerrado. The FNB showed lower efficiency than the SFT in the production of corn grains and equivalent efficiency in the dry matter production of brachiaria and common bean grains. Its efficiency was similar to that of the FNM.