Doutorado em Agronomia (EA)

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttp://200.137.215.59/tede/handle/tde/181

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Diagnóstico dos fatores biofísicos e de manejo que influenciam a produtividade da soja no cerrado Goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-06-06) Santos, Thaynara Garcia; Flores , Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Battisti , Rafael; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9350992609794419; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Somavilla, André; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1931042200424802; antos, Elcio Ferreira dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5602211640158588; Marques, Letusa Momesso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7154180150340351; Lopes, Arthur Gabriel Caldas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5760902349480218
Embargada.
Desempenho de genótipos de soja tipo-alimento de tegumento colorido em cultivo orgânico e convencional e aplicação de grãos como conservas e drageados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-31) Tassi, Adriana Luiza Wain; Caliari, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179; Vera, Rosângela; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1595946128237501; Soares Junior, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253; Soares Junior, Manoel Soares; Souza , Eli Regina Barbosa de; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Bassinello, Pricila ZaczuK; Garcia, Marina Costa
The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] of colored tegument (yellow, brown and black) is indicated for human consumption and has been genetically improved, aiming at adding flavor, palatability and productivity. However, the food-type soybean market, as well as those of brown and black teguments are recent in Brazil. Consequently, soy-based food can be seen as an opportunity for the consumer market, as well as for the food industry. The objective of this work was to know more about these materials, regarding their productive performance in the organic and conventional systems in the Cerrado, and also to obtain information about their nutritional, functional, microbiological and sensory acceptance potential after canning and dragee processing. In the cultivation of organic soybean, twelve genetic materials were evaluated for the physiological, sanitary and chemical characteristics, being seven yellow tegument materials, two brown and three black. In conventional soybean cultivation, four materials were evaluated for their adaptation to the agronomic characteristics, physiological and sanitary qualities of the seeds. Food-type soybeans were evaluated with yellow, black and brown teguments, processed as preserves and as chocolate dragees. For all preserves, the objective was to verify the effect of maceration time and acid concentration. For the yellow soybean, the acetic acid was used in the brine (in relation to the grain mass) and for the brown and black soya beans, ascorbic acid. The effect was evaluated on the physical characteristics of the soybean preserves, through response surface methodology and composite central rotational design. In addition to evaluating the chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of the selected preserve. For all reasons, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the time of roasting in the microwave and the size of the grains of the food-type soybean for all the colors of tegument, yellow (BRSMG 790 A), black (line DF 06-81-1) and brown (BRM line 04-4382-4), yield, instrumental hardness, crispness and flavor of the toasted soybean core. In relation to the soybean cultivated in the organic system, nine of the evaluated genetic materials had good biological characteristics for soybean grain-type, with mass values of 1000 grains between 200 and 254 g. The genotypes presented satisfactory levels of protein between 37.4 and 43.1 g 100 g-1 (dry basis), and of isoflavones, between 101.8 and 190.8 mg 100 g-1 (defatted sample). The colored genotypes selected from organic cultivation and multiplied in the conventional system were yellow (BRSMG 790A), black (line DF 06-81-1) and brown (BRM 04-4382-4). These presented a cycle of 130 days and the height of the plant was considered adequate for mechanical harvesting. The BRM 04-4382-4 line showed the best results for height of insertion of the first pod (17.3 cm), number of pods with three grains (13.8 units), and stand on maturation of 14.9 plants per linear meter. The cultivar BRSMG 790A showed good adaptation to the region of Goiânia-GO, with a yield higher than those observed in Minas Gerais. As for processed grains, the presence of acetic acid in brine was detrimental to the quality of the yellow soybean preserves (BRSMG 790A). In contrast, the maceration time increased the moisture content and reduced the hardness of the grains. The preserve produced with maceration time of 100 min and zero concentration of acetic acid were selected, which presented lower hardness and loss of total solids in cooking water and higher content of total phenolic compounds and moisture in the grains. In this condition they 36 obtained values of 15.5 g 100 g-1 for protein and 7 g 100 g-1 for lipids. In both preserves the essential amino acid profile was not greatly affected by the processing, presenting amounts equivalent to that required as daily intake of children and adults. The selected yellow soybean preserved 36.8% of the antioxidant activity of the grains in natura. The preservation of black soybeans (line DF 06-81-1) and brown (BRM 04-4382-4) were favored by the ratio of maceration time and concentration of ascorbic acid in the brine, also presenting low loss of phenolic compounds in relation to the contents obtained in natura grain. The selected preserves of each color were obtained with maceration time of 50 min and ascorbic acid concentration of 0.15 g 100 g -1 , but for anthocyanin contents there were 100% losses, suggesting new studies for thermal treatments. As for the selection of the roasted core in microwaves, the best scores (flavor, crispness and hardness) were obtained for the large size grains (sieve 15) for all selected genetic materials. Resistant starch was not detected. But high levels of proteins and lipids were detected. All soybean preserves and dragees (yellow, brown and black) obtained were microbiologically stable products and had good sensory acceptance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the food-type soybean of tegument color can be grown in the cerrado, as well as its applicability, as soybean preserves and as chocolate soybeans dragees, because they have high potential of commercialization and are technologically viable.
Uso de esterco bovino em integração lavoura pecuária na recuperação de solos na agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-20) Vieira, Renato Dusmon; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patrício de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3493497589009413; Matos Filho , Hélio Aparecido de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8561847232571500; Souza , Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123; Calil , Francine Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2520537051838618
Embargada,
Irrigação Autonôma Integrada Para Eficientização do Uso Da Água E Energia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-27) Mendes, Andre Luiz Milhardes; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pego; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5171893735359718; Alves Júnior, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior , José; Souza, João Maurício Fernandes; Sandri , Delvio; Pena , Diogo da Silva; Casaroli, Derblai
The efficient use of water and energy are some of the main challenges of irrigated agriculture. On average in Brazil, irrigators spend around 10% of the total production cost on energy, and due to lack of correct management, they waste 20 to 30% of the water applied. There are many technologies available to increase the efficiency of both systems and management, one of which is irrigation automation. If, on the one hand, the automation of irrigation systems is still not widespread among small irrigators, it is quite widespread among those who produce in protected environments. However, correct irrigation management is still little adopted due to the lack of management integrated into the automation system. In large areas, especially irrigated by central pivot, irrigation management programs have been adopted more frequently. However, there is still an excessive expenditure of energy in pumping water, as pumping station engines are normally sized to meet the steepest point of the terrain, leaving the irrigation system constantly operating at maximum power, wasting energy. In this case, the technology that needs to be used is the frequency inverter in the electric motor. However, commercially available options are expensive, which limits access to this technology by irrigators. Thus, the objectives of this thesis were: 1) to develop a low-cost irrigation controller with integrated irrigation management based on information from soil and/or climate sensors, and its field validation in irrigation management for pepper crops in protected environment; 2) build a low-cost motor pump rotation control system, considering the variation in system pressure according to the variation in terrain unevenness, and validate the proposed system, in an area irrigated by a central pivot, evaluating the effects on the blade irrigation, uniformity of water application, and their consequences in millet cultivation. The studies were carried out in the laboratory and in the field at EA-UFG in Goiânia-GO, from 2022 to 2023. In study 1, pepper plants irrigated by the new controller produced 10.48% more flowers and 36.78% more peppers per plant, using 39.70% less water throughout the cultivation cycle, compared to the conventional controller. Thus, the new system is an important alternative for irrigation automation, with the advantage of integrated autonomous management and low cost. In study 2, there was an effective reduction of 8.11% in the engine's electrical energy consumption. The modernization cost was 36.87% lower compared to commercial automation. The fluctuation in the unevenness of the land altered the irrigation depth, but did not interfere with the uniformity of water applied, and consequently no difference was observed in the growth and productivity of millet plants. Therefore, this alternative modernization is a viable technical option for central pivot systems, and its viability increases as the terrain gradient increases.
Consórcios de rizobactérias multifuncionais: aplicações e eficiência na cultura do feijão-comum
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-11) Oliveira, Ana Paula Santos; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6292879655540619; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley; Mirza, Cássia Cristina Rezende; Rabelo, Kassia Cristina de Caldas; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
Embargada.
Microrganismos multifuncionais como estratégia para suprir a demanda de fósforo na produção sustentável de grãos no cerrado
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-04-17) Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3194091518396388; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley; Sousa, Cleiton Mateus; Lobo Junior, Murillo; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
Embargado
Eficiência agronômica de potencial remineralizador dkx na cultura de milho silagem
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-28) Teles, Thiago Augusto Sampaio; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Cardoso, Aline Assis; Belo , Emiliane dos Santos; Santos, Tássia Tuane Moreira dos; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
Embargada
Baru: alporquia, potencial fisiológico e terapia fotodinâmica em sementes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-01-20) Torres, Géssica Xavier; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; Vieira, Muza do Carmo; Souza, Jaqueline Lima da Conceição; Araújo, Ruth de Abreu; Calil, Francine Neves
Embargado.
Rizobactérias e silício no manejo da cultura do arroz de terras altas ao déficit hídrico e à brusone
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-03-10) Oliveira, Rodrigo Silva de; Lanna, Anna Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0661616367659826; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Araujo, Leila Garces de; Siebeneichler, Susana Cristine; Schurt, Daniel Augusto; Marques, Eder
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the cereals with the highest potential for providing and maintaining human nutritional needs. Biotic factors (Magnaporthe oryzae) and abiotic factors (water deficiency) can compromise rice crops, such as diseases that reduce productivity and affect grain quality, as well as conditions of water stress. Additionally, the limited availability of Phosphorus (P) in the Cerrado soil stimulates the search for technologies such as phosphorus-solubilizing rhizobacteria and plant growth promoters to improve the acquisition of scarce minerals by plants and mitigate these stresses. The present study aimed to evaluate the combination of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Serratia marcescens and Bacillus toyonensis) and silicon (Si) in managing upland rice crops under water deficit and blast stress. In the first study, S. marcescens showed potential to solubilize non-labile phosphorus and promote plant growth. Inoculation with S. marcescens increased root area by 61.5%, volume by 31.5%, and length by 101%. The presence of phosphorus solubilization halos around root segments confirmed its solubilizing action. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detected biofilms and microcolonies of the bacteria. Genome analysis revealed genes related to indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, and biofilm production. In the second study, the combination of S. marcescens and B. toyonensis with silicon and non-labile phosphorus was tested under different osmotic pressures to evaluate resistance to water stress. The combination increased surface area: 27.5% (0 MPa), 20% (-2 MPa), and 18.5% (-4 MPa); root volume: 150% (0 MPa), 58% (-2 MPa), and 55% (-4 MPa); total length: 67.5% (0 MPa) and 116.5% (-2 MPa); thick roots: 158.5% (-2 MPa) and 25.5% (-4 MPa); very fine roots: 18.5% (-2 MPa) and 30% (-4 MPa). The presence of halos around microbiolized plant segments confirmed phosphorus solubilization. SEM revealed biofilms, microcolonies, and glycocalyx under different osmotic conditions. In the third study, rhizobacteria combined with Si suppressed blast and mitigated the effects of drought in rice grown in a greenhouse. Key results include: rice productivity increased by 72% under water deficit and 35% under irrigation; reduction of panicle blast (PBS) by 60% under water deficit and 77% under irrigation; reduction of blast on the auricle and ligule by 44% under water deficit and 70% under irrigation; positive modulation of antioxidant enzymes and defense-related proteins. In the fourth study, the impact of bioagents and silicon on suppressing blast and promoting rice growth under low phosphorus availability was analyzed in two field crops. Bioagents and silicon reduced leaf blast (LBS) by 77.93% and panicle blast (PBS) by 62.37%. Additionally: the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was reduced by 77.3% (LBS) and 60.6% (PBS); grain yield in the first crop (E1) was 25% higher than in the second crop (E2). In E2, productivity increased by 71.95% (2435.72 kg/ha) compared to the control. The combination of bioagents and silicon improved biochemical and enzymatic indicators, reducing the impact of blast and optimizing rice productivity in low soil fertility conditions. In the fifth study, the interaction between rhizobacteria and silicon promoted growth, nutrient absorption, and rice productivity under low phosphorus availability. The results were: suppression of blast, reduction by 77.93% (LBS) and 62.37% (PBS); reduction of AUDPC: 77.3% (LBS) and 60.6% (PBS); increased nutrient absorption: phosphorus (45%); potassium (21%); iron (94%); manganese (50%); zinc (10%). Improvement in plant growth: height increased by 10%; number of tillers by 19%; number of panicles by 43%; aerial biomass increased by 49%; reduction of panicle sterility by 49%; productivity increased by 72% in E2 (2435.72 kg/ha) compared to the control. Therefore, based on the results of the studies, we can conclude that rhizobacteria and silicon can be integrated into the management of blast and upland rice productivity.
Caracterização morfoagronômica de acessos do gênero Capsicum da coleção de pimentas da Escola de Agronomia da UFG
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-09) Dias, Fernanda Martins; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Reis Nascimento, Abadia dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6270103344297514; Reis Nascimento, Abadia dos; Sousa, Cleiton Mateus; Faria, Raquel Cintra de; Silva, Flavio Alves da; Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso
Embargado.
Sensor multiespectral embarcado em sistema de aeronave remotamente pilotada para manejo de nitrogênio em milho e feijão-comum
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-03-21) Silva, Diogo Castilho; Ferreira , Manuel Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4498594723433539; Carvalho , Maria da Conceição Santana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0717306636933723; Madari, Beata Emoke; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0302689027695014; Madari, Beata Emoke; Ferreira , Manuel Eduardo; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana; Moreira , Alisson Neves Harmyans; Ruiz, Luis Fernando Chimelo
This comprehensive study aims to advance the field of rapid phenotyping by leveraging unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and multispectral imagery to enhance the assessment of critical plant traits, with a particular focus on nitrogen content and yield optimization. Building upon a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed papers from 13 countries, on the first chapter, we synthesized existing knowledge on the association between vegetation indices (VIs) and plant traits across different growth stages of 11 major crop species. Drawing insights from experiments conducted over two consecutive years, we investigated the correlation between VIs, leaf nitrogen content (LNC), and yield at key growth stages of corn and common bean. The second chapter examined the efficacy of VIs such as Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Green to Near–Infrared Band Ratio (GN) and Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (TCARI) in predicting nitrogen rates and grain yield in corn at V6, V11, and R1 stages. The third chapter focused on common bean growth, integrating selected VIs with texture data derived from UAV-based multispectral images to accurately estimate LNC across critical growth stages (V4, R5, and R7). Notably, the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (MCARI) emerged as robust predictors of LNC, with the addition of texture metrics enhancing accuracy, especially when combined with machine learning models like random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). Our findings underscore the potential of UAV-based multispectral imagery coupled with advanced analytical techniques to revolutionize phenotyping efforts, facilitating more precise monitoring of key plant traits and optimizing crop management strategies for better use of inputs and maintenance of yield over time.
Vermicompostagem de lodo de curtume na cultura do tomateiro irrigado com água residuária de esgoto doméstico
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-26) Cunha, Ananda Helena Nunes; Araújo, Fernando Godinho de; Pinto, Guilherme Malafaia; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Pinto, Guilherme Malafaia; Vieira, Jonas Alves
This study developed different experiments in greenhouse conditions, which, in general, sought to evaluate the use of vermicompost of tannery sludge and domestic sewage in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The first study evaluated the vermicomposting tannery sludge mixed with cattle manure, poultry litter, sugarcane and rice husk ash in different proportions, in order to produce vermicompost with high nutritional quality, such as waste treatment technology. The results showed that the vermicompost produced with Eisenia foetida present in most parameters assessed in treatment, statistical differences on the treatments, and the comparison made between the initial and final values. The final concentrations of the variables N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Ni were, in general, larger than the initial concentrations for all treatments, favoring a final destination environmentally suitable for tannery sludge, since the results allowed the use of these as fertilizer for later plant nutrition. In general, vermicomposts had C/N, chromium, nitrogen, pH, copper, nickel and lead appropriate technical specifications of Instruction MAPA and CONAMA resolution, highlighting the T1 (100% EB) and T8 (25% LC + 75% CC). The second study investigated the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variety Santa Cruz Kada (paulista) irrigated with domestic wastewater and fertilized with tannery sludge vermicompost in a typical Dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol). From the first study was chosen the best vermicompost seeking fertility and a source of potassium as a criterion of choice. For the results obtained T2 (25% Sludge tannery + rice husk) had a higher weight value of the fruits as well as production (6.68 kg) and longitudinal diameter. For pH values of tomato fruits stands T4 (50% Sludge tannery + Grey cane) value of 4.40, which does not differ from other treatments, except for T1 (25% Sludge tannery + manure beef). For different types of water (wastewater and water supply) it is observed that the T3 (50% Sludge tannery + bovine manure) and T5 (conventional fertilization) have higher values of pH and Brix. For the time it was observed that there was no interaction between the sources of variation "treatments" and "water". According to nutritional assessment, only boron showed values below critical levels, which does not hurt production. The thirtd study aimed to evaluate the effect of tannery sludge vermicompost in chemical properties of soil cultivated with tomato and irrigated with wastewater. As shown in the results the addition of vermicomposto, mainly in the addition of T2 = 25% + LC 75% of rice husk and T4 = 50% + LC 50% cane ash, increasing concentrations of soil chemical properties, favoring this condition as soil conditioner even after the tomato crop. Thus, it is concluded that the tannery sludge vermicompost mixed with different substrates are important sources of nutrients for the tomato crop favored by irrigation domestic sewage. However, we suggest caution in the use of these residues in agricultural reuse for environmental preservation, since there may be excess nutrients when applying vermicompost combined with the domestic sewage, the latter should be used to complement the made fertilization. The increase of nutrients in the soil, since significant increases were observed in all the elements, demonstrating viability as biotechnology disposal of waste must be observed.
Isolamento, caracterização e aplicação da fração proteica de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) extraída por método alcalino assistido por ultrassom
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-04-04) Prado, Priscylla Martins Carrijo; Caliari, Márcio; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; Cavalcante, Rodrigo Barbosa Monteiro; Oliveira, Aryane Ribeiro; Mársico, Eliane Teixeira; Santos, Elaine Alves dos
The objective of this research was to test the alkaline method followed by isoelectric precipitation in the extraction of protein from whole chickpea flour, aiming to optimize processing time and improve the technological properties of protein extracts, as well as to characterize and apply these extracts in vegetable burgers. For protein extraction, a BoxBehnken design was used, varying the solid-to-liquid ratio (1:05; 1:10; 1:15), pH (7.0; 9.5; and 12.0), and sonication time (10; 25; and 40 min) at three levels, totaling 15 assays, plus three repetitions at the central point. The most desirable experiment (ED - solid-to-liquid ratio 1:12.5 g mL-1, pH 9.5, and 40 min time) was compared to the extract from the control experiment (EC) and three other experimental conditions evaluated for their technological, chemical, physicochemical, and morphological properties. Subsequently, vegan burgers were formulated with different plant sources for comparison of technological, chemical, and textural properties with a commercial one in a first assay. Then, ED was used in the formulations of vegan burgers at different levels of substitution of whole chickpea flour by chickpea protein extract, generating a second assay, which also compared the use of two natural dyes (açaí and beetroot). The alkaline extraction method assisted by ultrasound did not increase yield but reduced extraction time and improved functional properties, indicating that the extracted protein fraction has potential for use in the development of new food products. In the burger assay, there was an increase of about 24% in yield and moisture retention, and up to 72% in oil retention when comparing burgers from different plant sources to the commercial one, although the latter stood out in protein and fiber composition, providing texture quality. In the assay with the addition of protein extract, there was an increase of up to 2% in yield and about 52% in oil retention. However, natural dyes contributed to increasing fiber content by up to 11%, surpassing that of the commercial one. Further studies with different extraction conditions can be conducted to try to improve the properties of chickpea protein extracts, and enrichment with higher percentages of chickpea protein or combination with other protein extracts can be tested to increase the protein content of vegetable burgers. However, the extracts are viable alternatives for application in food, as the formulations produced in this research indicate a good alternative for those seeking plant-based products.
Caracterização das regiões produtoras de feijão-comum baseada no risco climático
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-28) Justino, Ludmilla Ferreira; Matta, David Henriques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0274497958438413; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luis Fernando; Battisti, Rafael; Cuadra, Santiago Vianna; Alves Júnior, José
The aim of this study was to define the climatic risks of yield loss in common bean and identify and classify the regions producing this grain in Brazil, through computer simulation, functional data analysis and machine learning tools. Simulations were carried out with the CSM-CROPGRO-Dry Bean model for different municipalities, sowing dates and growing seasons (wet, dry and winter). To define the yield loss, the loss curves were calculated by season, year and municipality, based on simulated yield. Subsequently, the curves were grouped using functional K-means and a functional average loss curve was established to explain the behavior of each group of municipalities. To identify and classify homogeneous common bean production regions, K-means and decision tree machine learning techniques were used to, respectively, group homogeneous environments based on simulated yield and associate environmental covariates with homogeneous environments. In general, during the wet season, the delay in sowing contributed to the increase in common bean yield. At later dates (between 10/dec and 30/dec) yield loss of less than 20% were observed. During the dry season, the delay in sowing caused a reduction in yield, mainly in the Central-West and Southeast regions, with the loss exceeding 70% (10/mar). At these seasons, water stress was the main factor in yield losses. In winter, yield varied less markedly between sowing dates. The use of irrigation at this time provides smaller loss in yield (< 20%), although air temperature is a limiting factor for the expansion of common bean cultivation.
Fertilização nitrogenada como ferramenta para mitigação de efeitos do déficit de radiação solar no arroz irrigado
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-06) Carvalho, Renata de Castro Marques; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5678716451015561; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luís Fernando; Santos, Marcos Paulo dos; Silva, Rodrigo de Souza; Silva, Elaine Fernanda da
Rice is part of the routine diet of the Brazilian population. Worldwide, it is considered one of the species with the greatest potential for combating hunger. Nitrogen is the nutrient most required by the rice crop. Solar radiation is one of the elements of the climate that most affects crop productivity. In Brazil, rice is grown in different regions, whose locations have a different supply of solar radiation throughout the cycle. This is one of the factors that explains the differences in productivity between regions. Some studies have shown that the supply of nitrogen as a top dressing minimizes the damage caused by solar radiation deficit in irrigated rice. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the solar radiation deficit on two cultivars of irrigated rice and to investigate whether the supply of nitrogen minimizes the effects caused by this deficit. Two field trials were conducted for the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 harvests. The work was carried out at the Palmital Farm experimental station, belonging to Embrapa Rice & Beans, in the municipality of Goianira-Goiás. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a subdivided plot design, with shading as the main plot, the nitrogen dose as the subplot and the cultivars as the sub-sub-plots. The cultivars studied were BRS Catiana and IRGA 424 RI. The nitrogen source used was urea, at doses of 50 kg ha-1 of N (applied just once, at the V2 stage) and 180 kg ha-1 of N (spread over three seasons, V2; V3 and V6, with the respective doses of 50; 50 and 80 kg ha-1 of N). The light-restricted plots were covered with a black propylene screen with an attenuation capacity of 30% of global solar radiation, which was installed at the start of flowering (R4) and remained in place until physiological maturity (R9). Fifteen days after the shading was installed, the plants' gas exchange was assessed using an infrared gas analyzer. At the same time, plant samples were taken for analysis of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and total nitrogen content. At harvest time, a 1.0 m row was sampled for analysis of yield components. Yield was obtained by harvesting 10 m of the row. Whole grain yield was assessed by processing a 100 gram sample from each experimental plot. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test (p<0,05). Shading reduced the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem of the cultivars in the shaded condition. The nitrogen content in the plant was reduced under conditions of light restriction. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration) was affected by the availability of solar radiation. Under shaded conditions, there was a lower yield of whole grains. Increased nitrogen application allowed for a recovery in gas exchange, non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen content in the plant, productivity and whole grain yield, under conditions of limited solar radiation. The IRGA 424 RI cultivar had a greater ability to adjust in the shaded condition compared to BRS Catiana, which implied higher productivity in this condition. In the unshaded condition and at the highest dose of N (180 kg ha-1), the BRS Catiana cultivar showed higher productivity than IRGA 424 RI. Applying nitrogen as a top dressing is a management strategy that can be applied to minimize the impact of solar radiation deficit on irrigated rice crops.
Fenologia de plantas e curva de maturação de frutos de caquizeiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-05-01) Nascimento, Lucas Marquezan; Cunha Júnior, Luis Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3474242164762840; Campos, André José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2482841074252872; Seleguini, Alexsander; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4677527012573000; Souza, Elí Regina Barboza de; Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso; Vendruscolo, Eduardo Pradi; Camilo, Yanuzi Mara Vargas; Seleguini, Alexsander
Climatic changes tend to cause changes in the phenological behavior of plants, directly influencing the development and changing the duration of the cycle. Such variations will influence the management, growth, seasonality of the plants and their fruits, as well as their maturation and quality. The objective was to evaluate the phenological behavior and fruit development of three common persimmon cultivars (Rama Forte, Giombo and Pomelo) conducted in the Midwest of Brazil. The plants were evaluated during four subsequent cycles, from August 2014 to June 2018. For the studies that involved the phenology of the plants, the following phenophases were counted, in days after the production pruning: swollen bud, green tip, sprouting , flowering, fruiting, fruits with 50% of the final size, fruits with 70% of the final size, fruits with 90% of the final size, beginning of the harvest and end of the harvest. For thermal sum the thermal sum or degrees-day (GD) was considered for the culture to complete each phenological phase. The number of accumulated cold hours (NHF) was also quantified. For the ripening curve, in 2018, 120 fruits were marked on six plants in the orchard. Weekly, two months after pruning and application of hydrogenated cyanamide (WAC), the transversal (DT) and longitudinal diameter of the fruit (DL) in the field were evaluated. From the 18th to the 31st week after the application of hydrogenated cyanamide, nine fruits were analyzed weekly being measured the color of the pulp and skin, external and pulp firmness (FIR), fresh mass, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (AT), pH and Maturation Index. In hot years and with late pruning, plants sprouted more quickly. ‘Pomelo’ has adapted better to the local climate. The interval between sprouting and flowering in tropical conditions was shorter than that observed by other authors in milder climates. Annual climatic variations caused differences in the growth rates of the transverse diameter of the fruits. ‘Pomelo’, ‘Giombo’ and ‘Rama Forte’ reached the point of harvest with less thermal need compared to other published works. ‘Rama Forte’ and ‘Giombo’ did not show a pattern of thermal demand between the years. At least 400 hours below 14 ° C met the demand in cold hours of the persimmon tree. Fruit growth was faster until the 14th WAC. Between the 15th and the 20th WAC there was a reduction in the growth rate, and after the 22nd WAC the fruits started to have a more expressive growth. ‘Pomelo’ had bigger and heavier fruits. The epidermis of the fruits changed from green when immature to intense red when ripe. In three weeks, the external FIR went from 81 N to 5 N. The peak in the SS content of the fruits of ‘Pomelo’ and ‘Rama Forte’ was at the 26th WAC, and ‘Giombo’ at the 29th SAC. Under tropical savanna conditions, it is recommended that the best time to harvest the fruits of the cultivars is about three weeks before full maturity.
Evapotranspiração das culturas do milho e feijão no bioma Cerrado utilizando sensoriamento remoto por drones e satélites
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-28) Almeida, Fillipe de Paula; Teixeira, Antônio Heriberto de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9956312513672760; Júnior, José Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior, José; Souza, João Maurício Fernandes; Giongo, Pedro Rogerio; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Pena, Diogo Silva
Corn and beans are two of the main grains grown worldwide, with great importance in human and animal food. Corn cultivation is carried out mainly in the 1st and 2nd harvest, depending most of the time on rain and being vulnerable to dry spells. Likewise beans, which are mostly produced in the 2nd harvest. As a result, knowledge of crop evapotranspiration is essential to feed models for estimating and breaking productivity, managing water resources and managing irrigation. In this context, remote sensing becomes a viable alternative, with low operating costs and good accuracy. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) algorithm in estimating the current evapotranspiration (ETa) of corn and bean crops in the northwest region of Goiás. Both studies were carried out in ItaberaíGoiás in an area irrigated by center pivot in the year 2021. The research was carried out in two parts: the first was to evaluate the impact of bolting on the calculated ET in an area cultivated with corn. Images from a MicaSense Altum multispectral and thermal camera coupled to a drone and three different sources of albedo images were used: Landsat 8, Sentinel 2A and drone. The albedo from the drone was obtained through the camera's reflectance images. The second part was to evaluate the impact of different albedo sources on the calculated ET, also using the camera images, but using four albedo sources. For this, an albedometer was installed in the field. The ET estimated by each source was determined with the ET obtained by the FAO method, Embrapa and climatological water balance from statistical indices. Tasseling in the maize crop contaminated the NDVI and albedo pixels, leading to a greater underestimation in the reproductive phase. On average, the MDE (mean square error) and AME (mean absolute error) were close to 1 mm day-1. Estimation of ET by remote sensing is not recommended for the reproductive phase of maize. Estimation of the ETa for the common bean crop is recommended from multispectral and thermal camera images, with both surface albedo sources. The confidence index ranges from 0.91 to 0.97. ETDroneAlb showed lower error compared to the standard methods.
Respostas da cultura do tomate para processamento industrial a fatores ambientais e irrigação
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-16) Knapp, Fábio Miguel; Battisti, Rafael; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9350992609794419; Alves Júnior, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior, José; Battisti, Rafael; Casaroli, Derblai; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Bezerra, Ricardo de Souza
The tomato crop for industry is strongly conditioned by environmental conditions. In this way, this work aimed to determine the meteorological variable with the greatest influence and contribution to growth and the thermal sum accumulated in each stage of development of different hybrids, in addition to evaluating the responses of tomato plants in two irrigation systems: central pivot sprinkler and located by subsurface drip. For this, experiments were set up in Abadia de Goiás, Hidrolândia, Itaberaí, Palmeiras de Goiás, Piracanjuba and Silvânia during the 2020 harvest, fortnightly collections of plants were carried out for biometric measurement of number of leaves, leaf area, number of branches, number of fruit and plant height, as well as the collection of meteorological variables from each location with the aid of an automatic meteorological station, to determine the variable with the greatest interference in the growth and development of the crop, canonical correlation and multivariate Stepwise regression were used, in addition to separation of averages by Scott-knott. The main variable that affected crop growth was water availability. The water supply was responsible for 86.2% of the plant height and 79.6% of the leaf area index. On the other hand, the average air temperature, solar radiation and accumulated thermal sum showed little influence on crop growth. The industrial tomato responded to the accumulated degree days, with the average degree days accumulated in the first and second seasons of 1,394 and 1,364 degree days, respectively, and its average cycle of 124 and 116 days from transplanting to maturation. The irrigation systems did not show savings in the amount of water used in the crop during the cycle, but the subsurface drip irrigation system provided a shorter period of leaf wetness, improving plant health, delaying senescence and leaf abscission and providing greater productivity and increase in water use efficiency in this system.
Identificação molecular de helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-21) Oliveira, Thayssa Monize Rosa de; Tembrock, Luke Raymond; Gilligan, Todd Michael; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Timm, Alicia Eva; Dianese, Érico de Campos; Coelho, Regina Melo Sartori; Godinho, Karina Cordeiro Albernaz
Previously found only on Old World continents, the caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is capable of great economic damage, coming to be considered one of the most destructive agricultural pests. Its identification through morphological analysis is only possible with complex dissection of the adult male genitalia. The morphology of all phases of the life cycle, egg, larva, pupa and adult, is very similar with the morphology of other species of the genus, making the identification difficult. As it is a highly invasive pest and correct identification is the first step to be taken to decide the best management strategy, we realize the need for precise, easy and fast tools for the identification of this species. Thus, the objective of the work was to develop specific primers and to optimize different protocols for use in real-time PCR and digital PCR methodologies in order to identify H. armigera, even if this sample is of poor quality, only a fragment and/or is mixed with other species. For that, design, selection and optimization of primer and probe concentrations, primer annealing temperature gradients, tests and adaptations with different DNA extraction methods were carried out, with or without post-DNA extraction purification, tests with different ratios of H. zea and H. armigera mixed in the same reaction, determination of the maximum sensitivity in both methodologies and interpretation of the obtained data. We present the protocols developed to successfully identify the specie H. armigera, both with real-time PCR and digital PCR methodologies.
Papel de Urochloa brizantha em áreas antropizadas no Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-12) Monteiro, Marina Morais; Correchel, Vladia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4781536691286837; Venturoli, Fábio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3977914284672829; Correchel, Vladia; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Calil, Francine Neves; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; Collier, Leonardo
Invasive species are among the leading causes of global ecological degradation. When invasion occurs in hotspots, such as the Brazilian Savanna, the Cerrado biome, the aggravation of the presence of these species becomes even more worrying. In the Cerrado, african grasses, mainly of the genus Urochloa, initially introduced for livestock purposes, have become a barrier to ecological restoration in recent decades. Due to aggressive competition with native plants, these species tend to occupy the ground persistently, acting as a barrier to natural regeneration and other means of restoration of degraded areas, such as planting native trees. Therefore, the control of these exotic grasses is essential for the return and maintenance of ecological balance in degraded areas in the Cerrado. Thus, the understanding of the relationship of these grasses with soil aspects of degraded environments and the development of techniques that optimize the ecological restoration processes can act favoring the ecological succession and the barrier transposition imposed by these invasive plants. Therefore, the present work aimed to establish correlations between ground cover, soil physicochemical aspects and the environments in which it occurs, and these environments present different levels of ecological degradation with the occurrence of african grass Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D.Webster. At the same time, in one of these environments, we tested the effectiveness of using polystyrene plastic tarpaulin to fray U.brizantha in the crowning region of tree species in planting to recover degraded area. The study area (16º33'26,5''S; 49º17'25,7''W) has environments allocated in a private rural property and in a vegetation fragment adjacent to the same property, in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil. Originally, the area was part of the Cerrado biome, but it is currently divided into five different land use environments: 21 ha of remaining Mata Seca, 10 ha of grass with U.brizantha (Braquiarão), 6 ha in natural regeneration process of native vegetation for 15 years, 2.5 ha of 10-month-old native tree planting and two ha of 10-year-old native tree planting. Ground cover data were collected with the assist of a 40 cm x 60 cm template, which was randomly launched 30 times in each environment. Through the template the percentage of ground occupied by U. brizantha, native regenerating species, exposed ground and litter was accounted. For soil analysis, deformed samples were collected from 0 to 20 cm for soil chemistry description and undisturbed for soil physics. For the tarpaulin test, in the 10-month-old native tree planting environment, the species with the largest number of individuals (421), Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, was selected and a fragment of 1m2 polystyrene plastic tarpaulin was allocated to 30 seedlings crown region’s. The seedling survival and growth data were collected by counting the number of individuals remaining alive over time and measuring their seedlings. heights (H) and collection diameters (DC), respectively. H and DC were collected in two periods, the first, five months after planting and the second 13 months after planting. Mortality data were collected at 13 months after planting. All data were submitted to multivariate analysis, the first correlating the physical soil characteristics and the ground cover with the environments and the second correlating the survival and growth of the seedlings with the percentage of U. brizantha in the crowning region of A. colubrina seedlings with the use of plastic tarpaulin In the first analysis it was noticed that the study environments differ more due to the ground cover than the physical aspects of the soil but that the soil moisture and the hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil are the physical properties that most differentiating the environment in natural regeneration of the others. In the second analysis, for the tarpaulin test, it was concluded that the effect of tarpaulin use on the crown region of A. colubrina seedlings was sufficient to eliminate U.brizantha from this region, not influencing the mortality and incremental rate. in H and CD of the A. colubrina and was more pronounced in the rainy season than in the dry season.

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