Bioacumulação e biomarcadores celulares e teciduais investigados no fígado do peixe Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1859) expostos e pós-expostos a íons ferro e nanopartículas de óxido de ferro (γ-Fe2O3) associadas a glifosato e Roundup®

Abstract

Advances in the development of nanomaterials have qualified them as essencial elements for several areas, including remediation with applications in safety and environmental health. In the present study, iron nanoparticles (IONP) were synthesized with a size of 2.9 nm and functionalized with citrate. The experiments were carried out with female and male fishes of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) exposed to IONP (0.3 mgFe/L), as to iron ions (0.3 mg/L) (IFe) and to IONP+GLY associations (0.65 mg/L) and IONP + GBH (0.65 and 1.30 mgGLY/L) for 7, 14 and 21 days, followed by post-exposure periods in reconstituted water for 7, 14 and 21 days for evaluation of the ability to recover from damage caused to liver cells and tissues. Thus, the following biomarkers were evaluated: a) histological, with tissue integrity analysis and histopathological index calculation; b) ultrastructural, with evaluation of liver cells, evaluation and quantification of lipid distribution; c) biometrics, with assessment of the condition factor and hepatosomatic index; d) bioaccumulation, with quantification of iron in the fish body. It was found that the nanoparticulate form of iron causes less tissue damage, but greater bioaccumulation compared to the treatment with the ionic form of iron (IFe), in addition, the results indicated that treatments with IONP+GBH have greater toxicity in ultrastructural and histological biomarkers when compared to IONP+GLY. In addition to the assessment of damage from exposure, the data obtained indicated a trend towards recovery of the toxicity caused by all treatments in post-exposure periods equal to or greater than 21 days, for total reversal of the damage. Thus, the data described elucidated how the toxic effects of the association of IONP+GLY occurred, opening new perspectives for studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of IONPs, as well as their possibility of application for environmental remediation.