Mestrado em Biodiversidade Animal (ICB)

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Bioacumulação e biomarcadores celulares e teciduais investigados no fígado do peixe Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1859) expostos e pós-expostos a íons ferro e nanopartículas de óxido de ferro (γ-Fe2O3) associadas a glifosato e Roundup®
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-10-22) Faria, João Marcos de Lima; Lopes, Welinton Ribamar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2717676926644498; Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723881044959716; Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia; Martinez, Diego Stéfani Teodoro; Oliveira, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de
Advances in the development of nanomaterials have qualified them as essencial elements for several areas, including remediation with applications in safety and environmental health. In the present study, iron nanoparticles (IONP) were synthesized with a size of 2.9 nm and functionalized with citrate. The experiments were carried out with female and male fishes of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) exposed to IONP (0.3 mgFe/L), as to iron ions (0.3 mg/L) (IFe) and to IONP+GLY associations (0.65 mg/L) and IONP + GBH (0.65 and 1.30 mgGLY/L) for 7, 14 and 21 days, followed by post-exposure periods in reconstituted water for 7, 14 and 21 days for evaluation of the ability to recover from damage caused to liver cells and tissues. Thus, the following biomarkers were evaluated: a) histological, with tissue integrity analysis and histopathological index calculation; b) ultrastructural, with evaluation of liver cells, evaluation and quantification of lipid distribution; c) biometrics, with assessment of the condition factor and hepatosomatic index; d) bioaccumulation, with quantification of iron in the fish body. It was found that the nanoparticulate form of iron causes less tissue damage, but greater bioaccumulation compared to the treatment with the ionic form of iron (IFe), in addition, the results indicated that treatments with IONP+GBH have greater toxicity in ultrastructural and histological biomarkers when compared to IONP+GLY. In addition to the assessment of damage from exposure, the data obtained indicated a trend towards recovery of the toxicity caused by all treatments in post-exposure periods equal to or greater than 21 days, for total reversal of the damage. Thus, the data described elucidated how the toxic effects of the association of IONP+GLY occurred, opening new perspectives for studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of IONPs, as well as their possibility of application for environmental remediation.
Influência da localidade no conhecimento e percepção da biodiversidade nas escolas do cerrado goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-01) Coutinho, César Augusto de Brito; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Silva, Alessandra Bertassoni da; Maciel, Natan Medeiros
The present research was based on the idea that demographic factors and scientific dissemination activities influence the knowledge and perception of Cerrado biodiversity in cities in the interior of the state of Goiás (Rio Verde and Novo Brasil) and metropolitan regions (Senador Canedo). For this purpose, surveys were proposed to elementary school students from five schools, in order to raise their knowledge about the fauna and phytophysiognomy of the Cerrado, the perception they have about their own knowledge and its relationship with the activities of scientific dissemination. The results are surprising: students from predominantly rural areas and cities in the interior correctly answer more questions related to Cerrado biodiversity and recognize that they have more knowledge about it, in addition, students who participate in more dissemination activities also show better results. The research concludes that the physical proximity to biodiversity is an important factor for the construction of knowledge and that intrinsic factors such as experiencing the concepts and contact with activities and materials for scientific dissemination are important means of making up for the absence of this direct contact.
Resistência à dessecação e morfologia de ovos de Odonata neotropicais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-27) Giraldin, Maíra Machado; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Arruda, Walquíria; Araújo, Walter Santos de
The Odonata species are distributed along with all kinds of water bodies, being present in streams, lakes, and ponds. Many of them can be found found in fish farming ponds, which provide excellent secondary habitats for species development. However, the larvae provide economic losses to the fish farmers, and the major reason is due to immature fish predation by the Odonata larvae which habit the ponds. During the ponds transition from an activity to another, the fish farmers drain out the ponds, aiming the elimination of pathogens and among them, the Odonata larvae. After the ponds refill, it has been observed in previous studies that the Odonata eggs develop rapidly, leading us to formulate the hypothesis which the species had gone through a selective pressure, which led to the evolution of more resistant eggs to desiccation. We will then, experimentally test the effect of the desiccation in the laboratory studying two neotropical Odonata species: Micrathyria hesperis (Ris 1911) and Perithemis mooma (Kirby, 1889). The hatch efficiencies showed that both species of this study do not suffer the effect of the water absence upon the larvae hatching. This result upholds the 3 hypothesis that eggs from Odonata species in which habitat temporary water bodies exhibit adaptive traits that maximize de immature survival in ephemerous environments. The species Micrathyria hesperis and Perithemis mooma are phylogenetically distant, indicating the desiccation resistance could be distributed among the Odonata.
Percepção ambiental sobre a biodiversidade em uma região sob influência de atividade mineradora
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-07-19) Gomes, Nicole Mércia Alves; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Guimarães, Lorena Dall’Ara; Bastos, Rogério Pereira
Environmental behavior can be understood by the Theory of Planned Behavior, in which intention is a precursor of behavior and is determined by attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm. We analyzed the environmental perception and the intention of rural landowners around a mining area to recover degraded areas on their properties. We used the model of planned behavior and intent constructs and added external variables (age, schooling and property size) to find out which characteristics explain intent. We also analyzed the relationships between the constructs themselves. We used factor analysis methods to construct the latent variables from a questionnaire. To test the relationships between these variables and between them and the external variables, we used the multiple regression technique. We found that attitude (r2=0.685; F1.30 =57.84; p<0.001), the subjective norm (r²=0.268; F1.30 = 11; p=0.002) and perceived control (r2= 0.154; F1.30 =5.49; p=0.025) have a positive effect on the intention to recover degraded areas, as well as education (t= 2.224; p= 0.034), but the age and size of the property did not affect the intention. We observed the relationship between and external variables and the constructs. It is important to seek strategies that act on the attitude and subjective norm, since such constructs are the ones that most influence intention, and the greater the intention, the greater the chance of this community to perform pro-environment behaviors.
Atributos morfológios e estrutura de redes de interação beija-flor planta
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-06-30) Costa, Kelly Christie dos Santos; Araújo, Walter Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127536475605936; Araújo, Walter Santos de; Oliveira, Arthur Ângelo Bispo de; Souza, Camila Silveira de
Biotic specialization plays a central role in the coexistence of species. Many studies address the pollination performed by hummingbirds, however, researches related to the effects of morphological characters of plants and hummingbirds on the specialization of networks are scarce. In this context, this study aims to answer whether i) the dominance of ornithophilous plant species increases the specialization of hummingbird-plant interaction networks?; ii) ornithophilous plants show greater diversity of interactions with hummingbirds than non-ornithophilous plants?; iii) do the size of the beak and the weight of the hummingbird influence the diversity of their interactions? Searches were carried out for studies on hummingbird-plant interactions in the Neotropics. We compiled 24 networks composed of 34 species of hummingbirds, 326 species of plants and 1,182 distinct interactions. We found no effect of the dominance of ornithophilous plants on the structure (connectance and modularity) of the networks. On the other hand, interactions at the species level were influenced by morphological characteristics of plants and hummingbirds. The similarity of plant species interactions was higher for ornithophilous plants than non-ornithophilous plants. This is due to the set of characters present in the group of ornithophilic plants that confer attractiveness to hummingbirds. Thus, hummingbirds tend to visit more similar plant species leading to a greater similarity of interactions. The beak size positively influenced the degree and specialization of hummingbird interactions. The greater number of interactions between hummingbirds with longer beaks is probably a result of the morphological fit between the birds' beak and the flower's corolla. Our findings show that morphological characteristics of hummingbird species and plants directly influence the diversity of interactions of Neotropical hummingbird-plant networks and species specialization. Studies like this provide important information for understanding the factors that structure communities.
Análise da eficiência das unidades de conservação da América do Sul e Caribe para a proteção das espécies de cetáceos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-28) Baia, Thainá Rodrigues; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5139765780779893; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; Domingos, André Menegotto; Bastos, Rogério Pereira
Cetaceans, popularly known as dolphins, whales and dolphins, play very important roles in ecosystems, which are key-species, environmental engineers and umbrella species. However, unfortunately, it is still a group that suffers from several anthropic or natural impacts, which directly affect its protection and conservation. Thus, this work analyzed the efficiency of protection of Protected Areas in South America and the Caribbean for the protection of species belonging to this group. This analysis took place through the GAP Analysis and the IUCN Red Species list, in which, according to the parameters followed, only two species are above this percentage, two have intermediate values and fifty-three are still far from reaching it. In addition, when relating to the IUCN categories, there is no direct relationship. Subsequently, two types of analytical subdivisions were proposed: the first includes the global distribution of species, demonstrating that there is no difference in conservation between the presence or absence of species in the study area. The second is based on a specific cut of the UC's in South America and the Caribbean, showing that there is a difference, where the species that have a more significant presence in the UC's have a higher level of protection. Finally, some measures are proposed to try to change this reality and aim for the efficiency of the PAs and the conservation of species.
Revisão taxonômica de Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Bufonidae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-12) Ribeiro, Maurivan Vaz; Orrico, Victor Goyannes Dill; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8248113511185358; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2116561844584292; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Silva, Wilian Vaz; Kopp, Katia Alcione
This work deals with the taxonomy of Rhaebo guttatus, a bufonid toad widely distributed in South America. We used both traditional (morphology and morphometry) and modern methodologies (molecular and niche overlap) in order to elucidate the complex taxonomy of the species and define its taxonomic status in Brazil. We first conducted phylogenetic analyses of R. guttatus populations that occur within the Brazilian territory. In addition, we assessed 1040 specimens from museum collections. We obtained a total of 20 morphometric variables in order to investigate whether there was a differentiation among population from different watersheds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed populations from Tocantins-Araguaia (TA) watershed is a subclade of the populations from the Amazon basin (AM). We identified three genetic clusters which were spatially coherent with AM, TA and a contact zone between southern AM and TA. Individuals from AM populations are larger than individuals from TA basin. We found low niche overlap with temperature seasonality and precipitation influencing AM populations and temperature strongly influencing TA population. Sexual dimorphism is also present in R. guttatus. In conclusion, we redescribed R. guttatus based on the holotype but including Brazilian specimens.
Efeitos toxicológicos de nanopartículas de maghemita (γ-Fe2O3) em células e tecidos de Poecilia reticulata
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-28) Qualhato, Gabriel; Cardoso, Julio Roquete; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1710994249874447; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723881044959716; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Martinez, Claudia Bueno dos Reis
The environmental risk of nanomaterials (NMs) designed and used in nanoremediation process is of emerging concern, but their ecotoxilogical effects to aquatic organism remains unclear. In this present study, the citrate-coated (maghemite) nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized and its genotoxic, mutagenic, the melanomacrophage centers (MMC) response and hepatic histopathological biomarkers were investigated in female guppy. Fish were exposed to IONPs at environmentally relevant iron concentration (0.3 mg L-1) during 21 days and the animals were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure. The genotoxicity and mutagenicity were evaluated in terms of DNA damage (comet assay), micronucleus (MN) test, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) frequency and the liver were dissected and fixed dehydrated through increasing ethanol gradient, immersed in xylene PA, embedded in paraffin, performed of liver sections (5 μm thick) (3 sections per animal) in the microtome, stained by Mallory’s Trichrome and H. E. and analyzed. Results showed differential genotoxic and mutagenic effects of IONPs in the P. reticulata according to exposure time. The IONP induced DNA damage in P. reticulata after acute (3 and 7 days) and long-term exposure (14 and 21 days), while the mutagenic effects were observed only after long-term exposure. The DNA damage and the total ENA frequency increase linearly over the exposure time, indicating a higher induction rate of clastogenic and aneugenic effects in P. reticulata erythrocytes after long-term exposure to IONPs. Guppies exposed to IONPs showed increasing in the number, area and perimeter of MMC when compared to the unexposed ones, especially after 7 days of exposure. The results showed an increase in the frequency of histopathological changes in fish after the 7 days of exposure to IONPs, such micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis, melanomacrophage aggregates, exudate and haemorrhagic foci. The acute (3 and 7 days) and long-term (14 and 21 days) exposure of P. reticulata to IONPs induced high histopathological indexes associated with circulatory disorders and inflammatory responses. Results indicated that blood system and liver tissue of P. reticulata are excellent target organs to studies the ecotoxicity of IONPs. Confirming that P. reticulata is a biomonitor specie indicated for studies of ecotoxicity of IONPs.
Lacunas de conservação de primatas na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-29) Ferreira, Alexandre Mesak; De Marco Júnior, Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; De Marco Júnior, Paulo; Silva, Daniel de Brito Cândido; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Anker, Arthur; Machado, Nathália
Fragmentation and habitat loss threaten primate species, even in protected areas, all over the globe. In the most primate rich biome, the Brazilian Amazonia, there are currently 16 primates threatened by extinction. We measured how much suitable area these primates are losing due to deforestation, and the potential protection that Conservation Units (Brazilian official Protected Areas- PAs) and Indigenous Lands (ILs) may provide. We built distribution models and calculated established three distribution measures; the potential (the raw model), the real (potential – current deforested area), and the future (real – expected area to be deforested) distributions. We made a gap analysis overlapping these distributions with PAs and ILs in three scenarios; (1) Integral Protection Units (IPs) only; (2) IPs + Sustainable Use Units (SUs); and (3) IPs + SUs + ILs. We calculated the minimum primate area that should be overlapped with potential protected areas so species would be considered conserved (conservation goals) and tested each primate goal`s achievement in every scenario. Two primates do not reach their goals in scenario 3. However regarding real and future distributions, SUs increases the achieved goals by IPs in more than 120% in average. ILs increases the achieved goals by Pas in more than 75%. We conclude that SUs and ILs alone would be potentially better protection areas than IPs (which were designed specifically fore conservation purposes), and that including ILs in the official protected areas of Brazil would be a great advance on Amazonian threatened species conservation.
O ensaio cometa e a espécie Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Spix, 1824) como ferramentas de avaliação de qualidade ambiental em uma unidade de conservação federal inserida no Cerrado goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-31) Vieira, Tiago Quaggio; Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1839640009304122; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9895211901348365; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Silva, Cláudio Carlos da
A região Sudoeste do estado de Goiás, originalmente coberta pelo Cerrado, é hoje caracterizada pela presença de grandes propriedades rurais produtoras de algodão, soja e milho. As monoculturas, em especial as de grãos, causam sérios impactos ao meio ambiente: empobrecimento e dano genômico, erosão do solo, contaminação por agrotóxicos, compactação do solo, queimadas e desmatamento. O último grande remanescente de vegetação nativa de Cerrado na região está protegido pelo Parque Nacional das Emas, que possui uma área de 132 mil hectares. A proposta deste estudo é avaliar o dano no DNA em girinos de Hypsiboas albopunctatus submetidos a diferentes níveis de exposição às pressões antrópicas do sistema de produção agrícola predominante na região. Tal avaliação foi realizada por meio de ensaio cometa, a partir de amostras sanguíneas obtidas desses girinos, coletados no Parque Nacional das Emas e entorno, tais coletas foram feitas ao longo do primeiro trimestre de 2016. Essa espécie de anuro possui ampla distribuição geográfica e é considerada abundante, características importantes para eleger um organismo como bioindicador de qualidade ambiental. As amostras foram coletadas em ambiente de veredas, com solo encharcado e presença de poças temporárias e permanentes. A amostragem foi dividida em dois tipos de ambiente: a) dentro do Parque Nacional, onde os impactos antrópicos são significativamente menores, não havendo pulverização direta de agrotóxicos ou qualquer tipo de alteração física da paisagem natural, e, b) fora dos limites da unidade de conservação, onde a vegetação nativa foi quase totalmente suprimida e a exposição direta a agrotóxicos é frequente. Dessa forma foi comparado o DNA dos girinos por meio de ensaio cometa, para verificar se no ambiente protegido do Parque Nacional das Emas o dano no material genético difere significativamente em relação ao ambiente antropizado, externo à Unidade de Conservação. Após a realização das análises foi possível constatar que o dano encontrado no DNA de girinos da espécie Hypsiboas albopunctatus foi maior nas amostras provenientes de áreas externas ao parque, intermediário nas áreas internas mais próximas da borda do Parque Nacional das Emas e reduzidos nas áreas centrais e mais próximas do centroide, corroborando a hipótese de que os impactos intermediate in the internal areas closer to the edge of the Emas National Park and reduced in the central areas and closer to the centroid, corroborating the hypothesis that environmental impacts, which are severe outside the protected area boundaries, would have a detrimental effect on biodiversity, including at the molecular level.
Comportamento de vocalização de machos de Hypsiboas goianus (Lutz,1968) (Anura; Hylidae): variabilidade acústica ao longo de estações reprodutivas e resposta a indivíduos coespecíficos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-13) Andreani, Tainã Lucas; Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1839640009304122; Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro de; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Gambale, Priscilla Guedes
During the reproductive season, the anurans crowd in sites where they can constitute vocalization assemblies. Different social contexts occur during these occasions, where the male individuals modify actively their behavior between attracting the female individuals and defending their territory and resources. Of huge importance for the social interaction of anurans, their vocalization acts as a tool for studies about sexual selection and aggressive interactions. Thereby, we aimed to evaluate the temporal variation of the advertisement and aggressive calls of Hypsiboas goianus over the course of 10 reproductive seasons that amount 18 years of time-lapse in a population and the acoustic answer of focal males in repeated interactions with conspecific competitors. The records were performed in Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, city of Silvânia, Goiás, Brazil. For temporal analysis, five advertisement calls and five aggressive calls – at most – of each individual were analyzed. Temporal parameters (duration of call, number and duration of pulses, call and pulse repetition rate) and a spectral parameter (dominant frequency) were extracted. To analyze the competitive interactions, the repetition rates of the advertisement, aggressive and total calls were considered as a response to the conspecific advertisement calls offered in 10 periods of playback. The acoustic parameters do not diverge inside the temporal lapse that was analyzed. The individuals modified their acoustic behavior with the simulation of the arrival of a new competitor during the first interactions with the playback (playback 1 e 2), afterward, the repetition taxes of calls were similar to those observed in the pre-playback period were, once again, emitted.
Distribuição espacial da riqueza de Odonata (Fabricius, 1793) em relação às ecorregiões neotropicais: determinantes ambientais e restrições à dispersão
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-24) Vilaça, Zander Augusto Spigoloni; De Marco Júnior, Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Paglia, Adriano Pereira; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da
The distribution of biological diversity is one of the major questions for science. Several theories were proposed in attempt to understand the patterns and process that regulate the richness of extant species: species-energy theory, metabolic theory of ecology, habitat heterogeneity, and tropics as museum, cradle or casino. Terrestrial ecorregions are land units that contain similar biotic and abiotic factors, what makes them more alluring and efficient for conservation planning and land use than using geopolitical divisions, still used by several conservation institutions and governments. Odonata is one of the oldest orders of insect, belonging to the clade Paleoptera. Those insects, for being thightly related to environmental conditions and vegetation structure, are widely utilized as bioindicators and in studies of spatial patterns. In this thesis, we evaluated the lack of knowledge around Odonata geographic distribution in the Neotropical region and the way that its species composition is affected by both climate and space.
Reproductive modes are associated to climatic niche evolution in treefrogs (anura: hylidae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-29) Gurgel, Priscila Cabral Silveira; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2116561844584292; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Nomura, Fausto; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Camacho, Crisóforo Fabricio Villalobos; Bastos, Rogério Pereira
The similarity of life-history traits among closely related species is a well-known pattern in evolutionary biology. Thus, closely related species tend to be more akin to each other than to distantly related ones. The propensity of closely related species to conserve climatic niche features over macroevolutionary time can be defined as climatic niche conservatism. Recent studies have shown the importance of environmental variables with regards to the diversity and distribution of anurans with differences in their reproductive traits under an evolutionary perspective. In this work, using frog species in the Hylidae family, we tested the hypothesis that species more independent from main bodies of water for reproduction are restricted to areas with higher temperature and precipitation means. We also investigated the evolution of climatic niche features of species with different degrees of dependence on water for reproduction. Our results corroborate the first hypothesis and show that terrestrial egg-laying species, in the Hylinae subfamily, have more conserved climatic niche position when compared to Hylinae species that deposits their eggs and tadpoles in main water bodies. Thus, we suggest that reproductive modes are associated with variation in the evolution of climatic niches of frogs.
Avaliação do dano genético em células sanguíneas de quirópteros de áreas urbanas e não urbanas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-31) Assunção, Dornelles; Oprea, Monik; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5268174215557547; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9895211901348365; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Cruz, Aparecido Divino da; Mendes, Poliana
The evaluation of DNA damage was carried out with the comet assay from blood samples of three bat species sampled at municipal parks of Goiania and Cerrado remnants, located in rural areas of the municipalities of Bela Vista and Urutaí, Goias state. The species sampled in the urban area were Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus planirostris and Platyrrhinus lineatus. In non-urban areas, only Artibeus planirostris was sampled. These frugivorous species are abundant and well adapted to different environments, including urban and agricultural areas. The remaining vegetation of the urban environment was very impacted and it was included in the most urbanized area of the city, with heavy traffic of vehicles, large concentration of buildings and high population density. Sampling in non-urban environments were held in Cerrado fragments in a rural area surrounded by pasture and agricultural activities. Thus, the DNA damage found in the urban environment bats were compared to verify whether there was significant variation among the parks, between species and if weight influenced the variation of the DNA damage. The DNA damage obtained for A. planirostris allowed to compare the urban and non-urban environment to identify in which of the environments this species presented higher DNA damages. The results showed that in the nonurban environment, the DNA damage was higher than in the urban environment being statistically significant. Moreover, in the urban environment, the increased DNA damage was associated with a reduction in area of the parks. In general, in the urban environment, the DNA damage may be linked indirectly to the edge effect and other environmental stressors, while in non-urban environment, higher levels of DNA damage may be related to pesticides used in the agricultural activities.
Influência da estrutura da vegetação de cerrado na assembleia de ácaros plantícolas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-18) Nunes, Samuel Nascimento; Daud, Rodrigo Damasco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0051569214196052
Plant inhabiting mites are little known in Natural Ecosystems since the most studies with these animals were held in agroecosystems. Cerrado biome presents several phytophysiognomic types with distinct environmental characteristics, ranging from open areas (Campo Cerrado) to forest (Cerradão). The phytophysiognomy can be crucial in organizing assemblage of plant-dwelling arthropods because they have differences in physical and chemical characteristics of the microenvironment, and in the floristic composition, richness and abundance of plant species. In the present study we evaluated Cerrado vegetation structure effect in the organization of mites assemblage on Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana plants from Emas National Park, which represent the largest Cerrado protected area. We sampled 21 10x10 m-plots, being 12 distributed in Campo Cerrado (CC) and nine in Cerrado Sentido Restrito (CSR). In each plot, one M. albicans individual was marked for mite sample, preferably, those located closer to the plot center. We collected 10 leaves around median extract canopy of each marked plant, which in turn were washed in 70 % alcohol for extracting mites. In the laboratory, the mites were observed under dissecting microscopy, mounted on microscope slides and identified under phase constrast microscopy. We sampled a total of 463 mites, being 347 in CSR and 116 in CC, distributed in 44 species and 14 families. We reported three genera for the first time to Brazil, namely, Phytoptipalpus (Tenuipalpidae), Paraciota (Eriophyidae) e Idiolorryia (Tydeidae). Miconia albicans plants from Cerrado Sentido Restrito showed greater richness and abundance of mites than those in Campo Cerrado. These results were significant when all mites were analyzed together and also when only considered the phytophagous mites. These results can be explained by two mechanisms: (i) Cerrado Sentido Restrito presents greater host plant richness and abundance, what allowed support more individuals, and consequently greater species richness; or (ii) plants from Campo Cerrado have greater leaf toughness, which difficult the establishment and development of phytophagous mites on their leaves, thus interfering in occurrence and abundance of other trophic levels. Therefore, the vegetation structure and leaf characteristics, typical of each vegetation formation, may have been decisive in occurrence and establishment of mites on M. albicans leaves, mainly for Phytophagous.
Obesidade e estresse crônico em fêmeas de ratos wistar: avaliação comportamental, bioquímica e hematológica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-17) Estrela, Dieferson da Costa; Pinto, Guilherme Malafaia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7222293518573336; Pinto, Guilherme Malafaia; Mazaro e Costa, Renata; Dias Júnior, Walter
Obesity and chronic stress have been considered major public health problems that affect millions of people worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of obesity associated with chronic stress on neurobehavioral parameters, hematological and biochemical in rats, considering that the association of these diseases can enhance their negative effects on homeostasis of the organism. For this, female Wistar rats were distributed in the following groups: standard diet (SD), standard diet + stress (DP + stress), cafeteria diet (Cafe) and cafeteria diet + stress (Cafe + stress) groups (n=12 rats, per group). The animals of the DP and DP + stress groups were fed standard food. Groups Cafe and Cafe + stress, additionally to the standard feed, were offered palatable and calorie-rich processed food, water with sucrose (300 g/L)and cola-type soft drink ad libitum. From the eighth experimental week, groups Std + stress and Cafe + stress were subjected to restraint chronic stress model (50 days). After the restraint chronic stress the animals were subjected to predictive anxiety tests (open field and elevated plus maze tests) and depression (forced swimming test). At the end of the experiment was evaluated hematological parameters (erythrogram, leucogram and platelet parameters) and biochemical (lipid profile, blood glucose, total proteins and fractions). The results demonstrate that cafeteria diet was able to induce obesity in the above animals, increasing body mass, weight of retroperitoneal and visceral fat, body mass index, specific rate of weight gain, weight delta efficacy coefficient food, weight gain coefficient for calorie intake, nasoanal length, abdominal circumference and kilocalories ingested. The ratio locomotion in the central quadrants/total locomotion evaluated during the open field test was not indicative of anxiogenic or anxiolytic effect in the animal’s behavior. However, the elevated plus maze test showed that obese and stressed animals were prone to higher anxiety levels. In addition, the obese and stressed animals display less climbing behavior than all the other groups, which can be considered an indicator of depression-like behavior. No damaging effects caused by the interaction of obesity and stress were observed on the biochemical and hematological parameters. Only individual effects of the factor obesity on leukocyte and glycemic parameters were observed. The obese animals presented hypoglycemia and leukocytosis by neutrophilia and lymphocytosis.

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