Variação espacial dos múltiplos caminhos que conectam ambiente e biodiversidade
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Data
2020-03-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Biodiversity is not evenly distributed around the globe, and a major challenge in ecology and
evolution is to unravel the processes that generate and maintain spatial patterns of diversity.
Decades of research on the subject indicates that current patterns of biodiversity result from
a complex network between multiple factors acting over time and space. In this thesis, we
explore how the relationships that make up part of this network vary across geographical
space on a global scale and propose a spatiotemporal series of paleoclimate, which has the
potential to elucidate the spatial variation of biodiversity. We begin by developing a spatially
explicit path analysis to explore the spatial non-stationarity of the relationships between
current and past environmental conditions with species richness and phylogenetic diversity of
terrestrial mammals (first chapter). We show that environmental conditions relate differently
to each dimension of diversity, explaining why species richness is not always an indicative of
the amount of phylogenetic diversity in a community. Then, we employ the same
methodological approach to revisit traditional ecological theories of how climate and
productivity influence the richness of terrestrial tetrapods (second chapter). We show that
temperature and precipitation have direct and indirect effects, via productivity, on species
richness and we explicitly map where each environmental condition is most determinant for
the richness of each taxonomic group. Based on the recognition that we still know little about
islands biogeography of terrestrial mammals, we generated a global database of island
mammals and estimated how richness and endemism are related to the physical and
environmental characteristics of the islands, while accommodating non-stationarity between
biogeographic regions (third chapter). We show that island’s area and isolation are among the
strongest drivers of mammalian biodiversity, while environmental effects varied with
taxonomic group, biogeographic region and measure of diversity. The results from the first
three chapters point to the great importance of current and past climate for the generation
and maintenance of spatial patterns of biodiversity. Therefore, we propose a global
spatiotemporal series of the climate during the last 5 million years (Pliocene-Pleistocene),
which holds the potential to advance our understanding of the strong diversity-climate
relationship (fourth chapter).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Análise de caminhos , Biogeografia de ilhas , Clima , Dimensões de diversidade , Endemismo , Gradientes de diversidade , Mamíferos , Não-estacionaridade , Paleoclima , Climate , Dimensions of diversity , Endemism , Gradients of diversity , Island biogeography , Mammals , Non- stationarity , Paleoclimate , Path analysis
Citação
Pereira, Elisa Barreto. Variação espacial dos múltiplos caminhos que conectam ambiente e biodiversidade. 2020. 175 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.