Caracterização epidemiológica e genômica de amostras de rotavírus humano espécie A em Goiânia-Goiás
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2016-09-22
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and vaccination is recommended for the prevention and control of this virus. In Brazil, since 2006, two vaccines have been used, with Rotarix® included in the National Immunization Program. Since its implementation, there has been a reduction in hospitalization rates and positivity for RVA. In this sense, the present study aimed to detect RVA from stool samples from children up to five years of age, with or without GEA, obtained in the period 2014-2015, in addition to characterizing the 11 genomic segments of RVA of samples obtained in pre- and post-vaccine periods and compare them to the vaccine sample. 341 stool samples were analyzed, 335 obtained in the period 2014-2015 and six archival samples positive for RVA, one from the pre-vaccine period. RVA detection was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotyping by Mulitplex-Nested-PCR. The 11 genomic segments were characterized by sequencing and molecular modeling was done for VP7 and VP4. Of the 335 stool samples (2014-2015), nine were positive for RVA with a long electropherotypic pattern, four of which were characterized as G12P[8]. Of the six archive samples, also a long standard, five were G1P[8], one of which was from the pre-vaccine period. The characterization of the 11 genomic segments was possible for three samples, two archive samples (G1P[8]), one from the pre-vaccine period and the other (G12P[8]) from the 2014-2015 period. The three samples were characterized as genogroup I. Phylogenetic analysis made it possible to differentiate lineages for VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4; samples G1, from the pre- and post-vaccine periods, were characterized as lineages II and I, respectively, and G12, as lineage III, and samples P[8] as lineage III. Samples I1 (VP6) were characterized as lineage IV (pre-vaccine) and I (post-vaccine) and samples E1 (NSP4) were characterized as lineage III. High nucleotide and amino acid identity was verified for the 11 genomic segments of the three samples in relation to the vaccine, being lower for VP7 and VP4 of the G12 sample P[8]. This lesser identity was evident in the protein structure, mainly in the antigenic epitopes of both proteins. In conclusion, RVA continues to circulate with the same genotype as the vaccines and with a different genotype, which reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of the agent in the context of vaccination.
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ALMEIDA, TÂMERA NUNES VIEIRA. Caracterização epidemiológica e genômica de amostras de rotavírus humano espécie A em Goiânia-Goiás. 2016. 110 f. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Publica) - Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.