Doutorado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP)

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttp://200.137.215.59/tede/handle/tde/217

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Efeito de vias metabólicas nas células T CD4+ de memória e na replicação do HIV em indivíduos infectados e controladores de elite
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-07-10) Silva, João Marcos Maia; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Neves, Bruno Junior; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256565904920282; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Pinto, Aguinaldo Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3610835454113660; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2152513705182408
Embargado
Avaliação da resposta imune humoral ao SARS-CoV-2 induzida pela vacinação contra a COVID-19 no Acre, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-06-09) Moura, Hemeson Lira de; Lima, Ildercílio Mota de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5715288813015613; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; Campos, Helioswilton Sales; Romão , Pedro Roosevelt Torres; Santos, Keity Souza; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima Dias e
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emerged as a global health challenge. The highly transmissible and mutable virus posed a severe threat to public health, and widespread vaccination of the world's population was crucial to control transmission, prevent severe cases, and reduce covid-19 deaths. In this context, understanding the humoral immune response to different vaccination strategies is fundamental to contributing to future immunization policies. Objective: To determine the variation in the humoral immune response of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination regimen received by participants in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Methods: This research was conducted in Rio Branco – Acre. Considering the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccines (monovalent and bivalent) as booster doses, pre- and post-vaccination blood samples were collected from participants who received the 3rd, 4th, or 5th dose (classified into groups according to the booster number). Data collection from study individuals included demographic information, vaccination history, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, physical activity level, and complete blood count data, while antibody analysis was performed using the ELISA technique, with the reactivity index (IR) to evaluate anti-Spike and anti-RBD IgG levels. Statistical analysis aimed to compare the influence of the administered vaccine on the humoral immune response, with the objective of determining the relationship between vaccination and immunity in the region. A p-value < 0.05 was adopted as the level of significance. Results: The study included 150 individuals. Of these, 39 (26%) received the 3rd monovalent dose, and 7 (4.7%) also received a 4th bivalent dose. The remaining 111 individuals (74%) received the 4th monovalent dose, and among these, 23 (15.3%) also received a 5th bivalent dose. It was observed that the 3rd monovalent dose significantly increased anti-Spike (22.99→27.32 IR; p<0.0001) and anti-RBD (16.97→17.36 IR; p=0.001) IgG levels, while the 4th monovalent dose had a smaller effect compared to the 3rd monovalent dose (anti-Spike: 24.35→26.57 IR, p<0.0001; anti-RBD: 17.71→17.89 IR, p=0.0111), suggesting a possible plateau effect in the response. The bivalent vaccine (5th dose) specifically increased anti-RBD (18.30→18.68 IR; p=0.0039). Women showed more robust immune responses, and both vaccination regimens (homologous and heterologous) were effective, without significant influence of previous infection history or physical activity on antibody levels. The use of medication for symptoms was 8 times more likely in individuals with adverse reactions than in those without (OR = 7.9895; p < 0.05). The observed changes in complete blood counts after vaccination remained within reference ranges. Conclusion: Booster doses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are notable for their ability to increase and/or sustain the production of IgG antibodies specific to different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Maintaining a robust immunological response through additional doses is fundamental as part of ongoing vaccination strategies aimed at effectively protecting the population against covid19. Relevance: Evaluation of the humoral immune response to different covid-19 vaccination regimens, with emphasis on the role of booster doses in increasing antibody production. The results can optimize vaccine booster strategies and identify factors influencing the magnitude and duration of immunity. Impact: To inform public health decisions by improving the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns and reinforcing public confidence in immunization, thereby contributing to collective protection and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Desenvolvimento de uma vacina multiepítopos bivalente contra Norovírus e Rotavírus
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-03-10) Matos, Amanda de Oliveira; Sales, Marcelle Figueira Marques da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477630359032513; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1386621024118393; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1386621024118393; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Leite, José Paulo Gagliardi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7049037571438664; Tiwari, Sandeep; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2419194183390541; Soares, Siomar de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4393381414254469
Embargada.
Estratégias de química medicinal na descoberta de inibidores do SARS-CoV-2 como candidatos a fármacos para COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-05-07) Mendonça, Sabrina Silva; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Neves, Bruno Junior; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256565904920282; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima Dias e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0054562567103606; Trossini, Gustavo Henrique Goulart; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1463048040306555; Guido, Rafael Victorio Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2540731936765059
Embargada
Análise da tendência de suicídio e o papel do tempo de tela e da autoimagem corporal na desesperança em adolescentes brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-03-25) Corassa, Rafael Bello; Viana, Maria Carmen Moldes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4338126917250074; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4030124246791320; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4030124246791320; Oliveira, Max Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699001066097321; Souza, Marta Rovery de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1155042579123151; Machado, Elaine Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6447812227886249; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7170760158919766
Embargada.
Inquéritos populacionais seriados para avaliação da prevalência de SARS-CoV-2 e fatores associados durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em Goiânia-GO em 2020
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-04-01) Silva, Leandro Nascimento da; Siqueira Junior, João Bosco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3644529827602550; Siqueira Junior, João Bosco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3644529827602550; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Oliveira, Max Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699001066097321; Araújo, Wildo Navegantes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4649706895976994; Matos, Marcos André de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1492491906180226
Embargado
Deficiência, limitação funcional e violência intrafamiliar entre idosos brasileiros na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-04-01) Souto, Rayone Moreira Costa Veloso; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4030124246791320; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; Souza, Marta Rovery de; Stopa, Sheila Rizzato; Machado, Elaine Leandro; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa
Embargado
Aspectos metodológicos do Vigitel Goiás 2022: comparação das modalidades de telefonia e análise das macrorregiões de saúde sob a ótica dos fatores de risco e proteção para Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-22) Carvalho, Magna Maria de; Oliveira, Max Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699001066097321; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3644529827602550; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; Stopa, Sheilla Rizzato; Silva, Lara Lívia Santos da; Moura, Lenildo de; Peixoto, Maria do Rosário Gondim
Embargada.
Avaliação da resposta imune à infecção pelo SARS-COV-2 associada a diferentes formas clínicas da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-11) Servian, Carolina do Prado; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Santos, Keity Souza; Bonorino, Cristina Beatriz Cazabuena; Bonato, Vania Luiza Deperon
Conteúdo embargado
Prevalência global e em Goiás das infecções pelos vírus linfotrópicos T humanos 1 e 2 em imigrantes e refugiados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-04-10) Marinho, Thaís Augusto; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582896795892370; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Freitas, Nara Rúbia de; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Nascimento, Laura Branquinho do; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra
Introduction: The international migration of endemic populations for human Tlymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) can play a significant role in introducing these viruses in non-endemic territories. Objectives: To estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among immigrants and refugees in Goiás State and the seropositivity rates for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, analyze factors related to HTLV-1/2 infection, and describe the risk behaviors/practices reported by HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 seropositive individuals. In addition, we estimate the global prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections among immigrants and refugees, and also identify potential variables as sources of heterogeneity between the studies analyzed. Methods: Article 1 - Crosssectional study with 537 international migrants in the State of Goiás. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data and risk behaviors for HTLV-1/2 infection between July 2019 and May 2021, and serum samples from 528 migrants were screened using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-HTLV-1/2 reactive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (LIA). Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Article 2 – Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies on HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 infections among immigrants and refugees worldwide. The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library (VHL) were searched from the inception of studies published until January 06, 2023. A meta-analysis using a generalized mixed linear model with random effect was performed for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Subgroup analyses were used to evaluate the effect of decade of study, sample size, confirmatory methods, region of study, risk group, and region of origin on prevalence. Results: Article 1 - The majority of participants were Venezuelan (47.9%) and Haitian (39.7%); 50.1% were immigrants, 49% refugees and five were Brazilian children (0.9%) born to Haitian immigrant parents. The overall prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.95% (95% CI: 0.31- 2.28), HTLV-1 (0.19%) and HTLV-2 (0.76%). All seropositive individuals (n = 5) were refugees from Venezuela, resulting in a rate of 2.26% for anti-HTLV-1/2, HTLV-1 (0.45%) and HTLV-2 (1.81%) among Venezuelan refugees. Unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner (≥2) in the previous 12 months were factors related to HTLV-1/2 seropositivity among Venezuelans. Reporting of having been breastfed for more than six months and unprotected sex with one or two partners were risk characteristics observed in seropositive individuals. Article 2 – Of a total of 381 records initially identified, 21 studies were included. The global prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections was 1.28% (95% CI: 0.58-2.81) and 0.11% (95% CI: 0.04-0.33), respectively. HTLV-1 prevalence differed significantly by region of origin, with the highest prevalence among those from the Western Pacific Region (7.27%; 95% CI: 2.94- 16.83). In the subgroup analysis, significant differences were also observed between the estimates of HTLV-1 infection considering the decade of study, sample size, and regionof study. For HTLV-2, significant differences were noted in relation to sample size, confirmatory methods, and risk group. Conclusions: The results show that the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among international migrants in Goias State is low; however, the seropositivity for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 indicates the circulation of these viruses in Venezuelan refugees; also pointing out the importance of sexual transmission of HTLV-1/2 in addition to the report of breastfeeding for more than six months by seropositive individuals. The systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that, despite the heterogeneity observed, the HTLV-1 prevalence among immigrants and refugees is higher than HTLV-2. The high prevalence of HTLV-1 found, particularly among those from the Western Pacific Region, suggests that targeted serological screening of international migrants from HTLV-1 endemic regions could be a significant public health intervention for this infection control in immigrant and refugee-receiving non-endemic countries. Relevance and Impact: This study characterizes immigrants and refugees as vulnerable to HTLV-1/2 infection, highlighting the importance of developing public health policies focusing on prevention and control of this infection in international migrants.
Prevalência e fatores associados aos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes e adultos jovens do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-03) Pedroso, Charlise Fortunato; Guimarães , Rafael Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7847112412490217; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Afonso, Eliane Terezinha; Vieira, Maria Aparecida da Silva; Cavalcante , Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer; Vieira, Nayara Figueiredo
Title: Prevalence and factors associated with disease risk behaviors non-communicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil Introduction: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and excess weight are highly prevalent in adolescents and young adults, and can contribute to the development of NCDs and premature mortality in the adult. Objective: Estimate the magnitude and factors associated with risk behaviors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, baseline study population, which used as a data source the National Health Survey conducted in 2019. The population analyzed were teenagers and young people aged 15 to 24. The data were collected through individual interviews during home visits, through a standardized form. The dependent variables included the main risk factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). The demographic variables and socioeconomic variables were used as independent. Multiple regression models Poisson were applied to investigate the magnitude of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variables. The PNS 2019 was approved by the National Ethics Commission in Research (opinion: 3,529,376). Results: 10,460 individuals (5,001 men and 5,459 women). Regardless of gender, the most common risk factors prevalent were the nonrecommended consumption of fruits and vegetables (92.6%) and physical inactivity during leisure time (43.3%). The prevalence of tobacco smokers, consumption of alcoholic drinks once or more a month and alcohol abuse were 8.9%, 28.7%, 18.5%, respectively. The prevalence of regular consumption of soft drinks and/or artificial juices was 17.2%. The prevalence of excess weight was 32.5%. Compared to women, men had a higher prevalence of smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages once or more a month, abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables and consumption of ultra-processed. On the other hand, women had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time and being overweight. Young adults, males and individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and Residents of urban areas had a higher prevalence for most risk factors. risk. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of risk factors in adolescents and young Brazilian adults, mainly among young men and women individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and residents of urban areas. These results indicate the need for policies to reduction in the magnitude of risk factors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Relevance and impact: This is the first comprehensive study that estimated the prevalence and factors associated with risk behaviors in adolescents and adults young people, including the non-student population. The results of the study can support specific actions for this population within the Strategic Action Plan for the Coping with Chronic Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil 2021-2030 of the Ministry of Health, including intensification of health promotion actions and disease prevention in subpopulations with a higher prevalence of risk factors.
Caracterização epidemiológica e genômica de amostras de rotavírus humano espécie A em Goiânia-Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-22) Almeida, Tâmera Nunes Vieira; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770835116155857; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Mascarenhas, Joana D'Arc Pereira; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and vaccination is recommended for the prevention and control of this virus. In Brazil, since 2006, two vaccines have been used, with Rotarix® included in the National Immunization Program. Since its implementation, there has been a reduction in hospitalization rates and positivity for RVA. In this sense, the present study aimed to detect RVA from stool samples from children up to five years of age, with or without GEA, obtained in the period 2014-2015, in addition to characterizing the 11 genomic segments of RVA of samples obtained in pre- and post-vaccine periods and compare them to the vaccine sample. 341 stool samples were analyzed, 335 obtained in the period 2014-2015 and six archival samples positive for RVA, one from the pre-vaccine period. RVA detection was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotyping by Mulitplex-Nested-PCR. The 11 genomic segments were characterized by sequencing and molecular modeling was done for VP7 and VP4. Of the 335 stool samples (2014-2015), nine were positive for RVA with a long electropherotypic pattern, four of which were characterized as G12P[8]. Of the six archive samples, also a long standard, five were G1P[8], one of which was from the pre-vaccine period. The characterization of the 11 genomic segments was possible for three samples, two archive samples (G1P[8]), one from the pre-vaccine period and the other (G12P[8]) from the 2014-2015 period. The three samples were characterized as genogroup I. Phylogenetic analysis made it possible to differentiate lineages for VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4; samples G1, from the pre- and post-vaccine periods, were characterized as lineages II and I, respectively, and G12, as lineage III, and samples P[8] as lineage III. Samples I1 (VP6) were characterized as lineage IV (pre-vaccine) and I (post-vaccine) and samples E1 (NSP4) were characterized as lineage III. High nucleotide and amino acid identity was verified for the 11 genomic segments of the three samples in relation to the vaccine, being lower for VP7 and VP4 of the G12 sample P[8]. This lesser identity was evident in the protein structure, mainly in the antigenic epitopes of both proteins. In conclusion, RVA continues to circulate with the same genotype as the vaccines and with a different genotype, which reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of the agent in the context of vaccination.
Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da variante Omicron do SARS-CoV-2 no Estado do Tocantins
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-25) Santos, Mateus Silva; Souza, Ueric José Borges de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6340952274603852; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima dias e; Oliveira, Lucas Nojosa; D’Alessandro, Walmirton Bezerra
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with COVID-19 is one of the greatest global public health challenges, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in different age groups, with some population segments being more affected. The emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as Omicron, is a reflection of selective advantage, translated as greater transmissibility and the ability to replicate in people previously exposed to the virus. In Brazil, the variant was very prominent, even when the numbers of immunized individuals were already high. Therefore, this research aims to promote an epidemiological and molecular study on the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Tocantins. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted using SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Tocantins (LACEN-TO). The samples were sequenced and taken to experiments in order to verify the quality of the sequencing, detect possible mutations and identify the main variants of concern. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was performed in order to observe the degree of dispersion of the most predominant variant in the state of Tocantins. Results: In the present study, 556 samples positive for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 were used. Among the results, it was observed that the state of Tocantins presented, during the study period, about 39 lineages of the Omicron variant, some of which were associated with a higher transmissibility rate. The biggest highlight was the XBB.1.18.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants, being one of the main circulating in Tocantins in 2023. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the state may have contributed to the dispersion of the subvariants not only in Brazil but also in the world. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed a high prevalence of the Omicron variant in Tocantins between December 2021 and June 2023, in addition to showing that the state may have contributed to the spread of the XBB.1.18.1 subvariant in Brazil. Relevance and impact: It is worth noting that due to the high frequency of mutations of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, surveillance is necessary to identify possible new entries of the virus not only in the northern Brazilian state but also throughout the country.
Avaliação da resposta imune celular a antígenos recombinantes do Mycobacterium leprae e potencial aplicação para o diagnóstico da hanseníase paucibacilar
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-06-30) Sampaio, Lucas Henrique Ferreira; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; Grossi, Maria Aparecida Faria; Moraes, Mílton Osório; Kipinis, Ana Paula Junqueira; Araújo Filho, João Alves de
Title: The evaluation of cellular immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae recombinant antigens and potential application for the diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy. Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease that is characterized by a spectrum of dermato-neurological manifestations associated with different patterns of immune responses. At one end of the spectrum paucibacillary patients (PB) which include tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients mount a strong cellular immune response. On the extreme multibacillary (MB) patients including borderline-borderline (BB), borderline-lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous (LL) forms, respond to infection with vigorous antibody production. The diagnosis of leprosy is based on clinical manifestations hampering the early diagnosis before the onset of sequelae. The development laboratory tests applicable for early leprosy diagnosis is considered essential to reduce possible sources of transmission and the number of patients with physical disabilities. Methods: This work investigated the immune reactivity of a panel of 41 M. leprae (ML) recombinant proteins. The immune reactivity to ML proteins was evaluated by the production of IFNy, measured by ELISA, in the supernatants of 24 hours cultures of heparinized whole blood (whole blood assays/WBA) stimulated with ML antigen (10ug/ml). Study groups were leprosy patients both PB (TT / BT) and MB (BL / LL), newly diagnosed, untreated, classified according to Ridley and Jopling criteria. Household contacts of MB patients (HHC), HIV-1 negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and healthy individuals from the same endemic area (EC) were also investigated. In silico predictions were used to investigate the level of identity of the ML proteins with counterparts in other mycobacteria and to assesse the presence of potential T cell epitopes. For a selected group of immunogenic and specific ML antigens, the profile of 14 cytokines/chemokines induced in WBA was also investigated by Multiplex plataform. Results and Conclusions: The WBA results identified 11 out of 41 M. leprae recombinant proteins (ML0405, ML2055, ML2331, ML0840, ML1623, ML1556, MLI632, ML1685, ML0276, ML2044, 46f) that were classified as immunogenic and capable of inducing specific cellular immune response. These ML antigens were considered to have potential application for the development of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of PB leprosy. The same pattern of immunoreactivity identified among PB leprosy patients was observed among HHC, while MB leprosy, TB patients and healthy individuals did not respond to these antigens. In silico predictions of immunogenicity and specificity were not confirmed by ex vivo WBA results. The multiplex cytokine study with a selected group of ML antigens showed that besides IFNy, patients with PB leprosy produce other cytokines characteristic of Th1 cells (IL-2 and IL-12). Nevertheless these results that IFNy remained the best immunological marker of cellular immune response of PB patients to recombinant M. leprae proteins. MB leprosy patients secrete mainly Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 in response to recombinant ML proteins. None of the 14 cytokines/chemokines analyzed in the multiplex was able to distinguish the cellular immune responses of PB patients from the majority of HHC. Although the majority of HHC response identically to PB, we observed that some individuals at greater risk of leprosy infection can mount a Th2 response, similar to MB patients.
Associação entre tipos específicos de HPV e carga viral com a gravidade da neoplasia cervical
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-20) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos, Silvia Helena rabelo dos; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa; Val, Isabel Cristina Chulvis do; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima Dias e; Lino Júnior, Ruy de Souza
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a rare consequence and developed long term from a infection by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV). There are factors related to the acquisition of infection and its persistence that increase the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. The type-specific viral infection and higher viral loads values appear to be related to persistence of virus and progression of neoplasia and therefore with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Objectives: To identify the specific types of HPV in different age groups as well as the importance of viral load of HPV 16 with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, included women referred to the Hospitals Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Goiânia and Hospital Mother and Child, by presenting changes in routine cytological examination. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HPV genotyping was performed by reverse hybridization assay. A total of 331 women with cytological diagnosis were selected, 238 of them with histological diagnosis. After PCR for HPV, 58 women were excluded for being HPV negative. In the 273 HPV-positive women an analysis of the association between HPV types and risk of severity of cytological diagnosis by age group was carried out in the following categorization: <30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and ≥ 50 years. To evaluate the association between viral load values with severity of cytological and histological diagnosis, 77 women HPV 16 positive by PCR in real time were selected. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 82.5%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type representing 44.7% of cases. Infections by HPV 16 and / or 18 were significantly associated with both the cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR: 2.12 95% CI 0.98 to 4.59) and either with the histological diagnosis of CIN 2 or more severe (OR: 3.21 95% CI 1.21 to 8.59) lesions in women younger than 30 years. The cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR 4.59, 95% CI: 1.4 to 15.49, p = 0.004) and histological diagnosis of high-grade neoplasia (≥ CIN 2) (OR 6.51; 95% CI: 2.9 to 20.92, p = 0.0002) were significantly associated with higher viral load values in women infected with HPV 16. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that infection with HPV 16 and / or 18 in young women can quickly lead to the formation of more severe lesions and high viral loads resulting from infection by HPV 16 are associated with the severity of cervical neoplasia.
Análise molecular e de qualidade de vida dos pacientes e familiares com xeroderma pigmentosum, residentes em Goiás, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-07) Souto, Rafael; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3644529827602550; Menck, Carlos Frederico Martins; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-0694; Menck, Carlos Frederico Martins; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; Vêncio, Eneida Franco; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Brasil, Virginia Visconde
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant is an autosomal recessive disease that involves changes in POLH. The study aimed to characterize the distribution of alleles mutated by Real Time PCR (RT-qPCR) in patients and families with clinical suspicion of XP, residents in Araras/Faina, State of Goiás. Additionally, we also, planned to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) by WHOQOL-Bref. In this community, the skin cancer incidence, due to this syndrome, is caused by mutation in the POLH gene, which encodes for DNA, polymerase eta, and two distinct mutations were detected, at the intron 6 e exon 8. Morover, at Trindade a different mutation was found in the same gene (intron 10). Molecular analysis by Real Time PCR (RT-qPCR) o 125 individuals at-tempted to identify the mutated alleles in POLH, which can result in disease and impact on quality of life. Of these, 29 clinically diagnosed as affected by XP syndrome, and 18 in the community of Araras/Faina and 11 are from other Goiás State locations. In Araras/Faina, of the 114 individuals analyzed, 12 were homozygous for the mutanted allele at the beginning of intron 6 (XPV 6/6), one homozygous for the mutanted allele at exon 8 (XPV8/8) and 5 are compound heterozygous for compounds two alleles (XPV 6/8). In addition, 36 patients were identified as carrying (as heterozygous) the mutation at intron 6 (XPV 6/wild-tipe) 12 carriers for muta-tion at exon 8 (8 XPV/wild-type) and 48 participants were wild type for the two alleles (XPV wild type/wild). In the study of 11 clinically affected patients and residents in other regions of the state of Goiás, 2 were positive for XPV with mutations in intron 10 (XPV 10/10) and 9 were negative for the three alleles identified in XPV. The Quality of Life evaluation gave relatively high scores when compared to the work of other groups that studied the Tourette syndrome, Wilson's disease and Thalassemia Major. In comparison using the Student t test between QoL scores of patients by XPV and not sick, it was obtained a p ≤ 0.05 for all domains of the WHOQOL-Bref, demonstrating that the XPV impacts the quality of life of those affected. However, even in a more stratified analysis , the comparison between QoL scores and genotypes for XPV, obtained a p ≤ 0.05 for the Physical and Environmental domains. Thus, we believe that molecular tests come uncovering cases of XP that were underreported showing the actual frequency of the syndrome in the state of Goiás, in addition, the measure of the perceived quality of life is showing the impact that these mutations promote affected in the XPV.
Identificação por imunoproteômica dos exoantígenos do complexo paracoccidioides, com potencial aplicação no diagnóstico e terapia da paracoccidioidomicose
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-26) Moreira, André Luís Elias; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5415221996976886; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Borges, Clayton Luiz; Silva Neto, Benedito Rodrigues da; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de
Identification by immunoproteomic of exoantigens of the Paracoccidioides complex, with potential application in diagnosis and therapy of Paracoccidioidomycosis Fungi of Paracoccidioides complex are the etiological agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis restricted to Latin American countries. Currently, the Paracoccidioides genus is represented by P. lutzii, P. americana, P. brasiliensis, P. restrepiensis and P. venezuelensis. In some cases, oral and skin mucosal lesions caused by other pathogens may coincide with lesions caused by Paracoccidioides spp.. Moreover, even with the advances in immunological techniques used for the diagnosis of fungal diseases, false-positive results rates for PCM are present. Thus, we investigated which antigens are secreted by 4 species of the Paracoccidioides complex in order to identify and characterize new molecules, thus increasing the spectrum of antigens to be used for future diagnostic tests of PCM. Through of nanoUPLC-MSE, 79 exoantigens were identified in 4 Paracoccidioides species. In silico analysis revealed 2 exoantigens exclusive to P. lutzii species, as well as the identification of 44 unique B-cell epitopes of the Paracoccidioides complex. Thirteen exclusive epitopes distributed among Paracoccidioides species also predicted, being this excellent molecules to be employed in the future for epidemiological studies. These results demonstrate a range of epitopes exclusive to the Paracoccidioides complex as well as the identification of molecules unique to each fungal species. In addition, these analyzes allowed the identification of new candidate biomarkers to PCM diagnosis, as well as the identification of molecules to be used as future epidemiological biomarkers.
Carga epidemiológica da coqueluche e avaliação de impacto de vacinação de gestantes contra coqueluche implementada no Brasil em 2014
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-10) Bagattini, Ângela Maria; Toscano, Cristiana Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3772312631884265; Toscano, Cristiana Maria; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; Silva, Lara Lívia Santos da; Kuchenbecker, Ricardo de Souza
Introduction: Pertussis is an acute infectious disease of respiratory transmission, with cyclical occurrence, it is endemic worldwide, represents an important global burden, particularly in children under one year of age who have more severe conditions and may progress to death. Between 2010 and 2014, a sudden and atypical increase in the number of cases of the disease was observed in several countries, including Brazil. There are several hypotheses about the factors associated with this resurgence, including disease cyclicality, replacement of whole-cell vaccines with acellular vaccines, falling vaccine coverage in children, and the effectiveness and duration of protection of vaccines in children, among others. Objectives: This study aims to characterize and estimate the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Brazil, evaluate the impact of vaccination of pregnant women with pertussis vaccine (dTpa) implemented in Brazil in 2014. Also, review the evidence about protection and duration of protection conferred by the whole cell vaccine against pertussis used for vaccination of children in the National Programs of Immunization. Methods: A study in three stages was carried out. The first stage described the epidemiological situation of whooping cough in morbidity and mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2016. Next, the second stage with an interrupted time series ecological study was carried out with data adjusted by month and using the ARIMA model to assess the impact on cases and hospitalizations of children under five years of age with the introduction of the dTpa vaccine for pregnant women in 2014. The two stages used three independent health information systems, the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), the Hospital Information System (SIH), the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI), data were aggregated and evaluated by age group and federation unit. The third stage of the study was carried out through a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and duration of protection provided by the whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTPw) in children considering the vaccines currently available on the international market. Results: Pertussis showed cyclical patterns of disease burden over time between 2000 and 2016 in Brazil, in different regions with heterogeneous conditions, with a well-defined outbreak that started in 2011 and peaked in 2014, reaching mainly and more severely. children under six months, with 20,103 (54%), 19,919 hospitalizations (79%) and 565 deaths (93%). The incorporation of dTpa vaccination in pregnant women was associated with a significant reduction in pertussis cases and hospitalizations in children under six months of age when coverage is above 45%. After the introduction of dTpa, it is estimated that 2,124 cases and 1,439 hospitalizations for pertussis were avoided in children under six months of age in states with coverage above 45% between 2015 and 2016. Additionally, 12 studies with DTwP conducted between 2007 and 2020 were included for review, which have varied methodological quality and lack evidence on immunogenicity and duration of immunity indicating a short duration, less than five years. Conclusions: The analysis of different health information systems used showed consistent results throughout the period analyzed, reflecting the cyclicity of the disease and its resurgence from 2011. The incorporation of dTpa vaccination in pregnant women resulted in an impact on the reduction of hospitalizations and deaths of children when vaccination coverage above 45% is achieved. The wP vaccines currently in use have scant evidence of duration of immunity, even though they are used in over 100 countries, in most low- and middle-income countries. Relevance and Impact: The results of this work reinforce the importance of achieving and maintaining dTpa vaccination coverage in pregnant women above 45% in order to obtain a significant impact of vaccination of pregnant women in reducing hospitalizations for pertussis in children. Although wP is one of the most used vaccines globally in children in immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries, there has been an important change in the producers of these vaccines in recent decades, with large pharmaceutical companies having left the market and being replaced by producers in countries emerging technologies that today account for the totality of wP vaccines produced and used in the world. Evidence suggests that the duration of protection afforded by these vaccines in children is short. However, better quality evidence on the effectiveness and duration of immunity conferred by these vaccines is needed to support the definition of more appropriate vaccination strategies.
Tendência da mortalidade por pneumonia em idosos no Brasil e o contexto da vacinação pneumocócica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-06-12) Miranda, Denismar Borges de; Andrade, Ana Lúcia Sampaio Sgambatti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7770363683068899; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4030124246791320; Moraes Neto, Otaliba Libânio de; Turchi, Marília Dalva; Souza, Maria de Fátima Marinho de; Bierrenbach, Ana Luiza; Sartori, Ana Lúcia
Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population worldwide. Studies show the direct and indirect impact of 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine on hospitalizations for pneumonia in several countries. There is scarce knowledge regarding this impact on mortality in the elderly in the world and, to date, no evidence in the Brazilian population. This study aimed to propose models for correcting mortality rates due to pneumonia in the elderly in Brazil and to evaluate the indirect impact of PCV-10, introduced in the childhood immunization schedule, at these rates. This is a time-series study of mortality rates from pneumonia in the elderly from 2005 to 2016. For the time-series analysis, the models for predicting pneumonia rates, if the vaccine had not been implemented, were Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) in the presence of seasonality, Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) when there was only trend, and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) in the absence of trend and seasonality. Percentage difference between observed and predicted rates were calculated, considering statistical significance of 5%. There was an increasing trend of mortality due to pneumonia in the elderly in Brazil. Interrupted time series analysis showed that the estimated pneumonia mortality rates from the study were significantly lower than those predicted by the analysis models. There was probably an indirect impact of PCV-10 on the elderly. In the Southeast region there was a statistically significant difference between the rates observed and the predicted in the three age groups of the elderly.
Epidemiologia molecular de isolados de toxoplasma Gondii na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-01-12) Rezende, Hanstter Hallison Alves; Vinaud, Marina Clare; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1921551651088660; Castro, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621; Castro, Ana Maria de; Fernandes, Everton Kort Kamp; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Cardoso, Cléver Gomes; Soave, Danilo Figueiredo
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis and its definitive hosts are domestic cats (Felis catus) and other wild felids. Within the cities, stray cats are responsible for the dissemination of the parasite in the environment as they release oocysts which are the infective forms for humans and other animals. Backyard chickens (Gallus gallus) are in constant contact with the environment and feed directly from the soil. Therefore they are important indicators of environmental conditions. The knowledge regarding prevalence, biological and genetic characteristics of T. gondii are of utmost importance for the comprehension of the complex host-parasite relationship. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance of laboratory techniques used to detect the parasite; to determine the prevalence, biology and molecular epidemiology of T. gondii isolated from stray cats and backyard chickens from the metropolitan region of Goiania, in order to better comprehend the infection. This is the first performed study to determine the genetic and biologic characterization of T. gondii in the state of Goias. This study used 24 stray cats captured by the Center for the Zoonosis Control in Goiania and 50 backyard chickens from the Metropolitan Region of Goiania, Goias. The serologic triage was performed by IHA and showed positivity of 87.4% (21/24) cats and 96% (48/50) backyard chickens for T. gondii. The bioassay was performed using the brain and hearts of the cats and chickens obtained after euthanasia of the animals. After the peptic digestion the homogenate tissues was intraperitoneally inoculated in groups of three Swiss mice each which were daily observed in order to detect signs of acute toxoplasmosis. The asymptomatic mice were euthanized after 60 days followed by serologic analysis through indirect immunofluorescence. Fragments of brain from these animals were observed under optic microscopy in order to visualize tissue cysts. Part of the homogenate was submitted to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in which 75% (18/24) cats and 64% (32/50) backyard chickens were positive. The correlation between IHA and PCR from both animals was considered weak. It was not possible to obtain isolate strains from cats. From the chickens it was possible to obtain 15 isolates strains from which 8 presented tachyzoites (acute toxoplasmosis) and 7 presented brain tissues (chronic toxoplasmosis). After the DNA extraction from the isolates the RFLP-PCR was performed using the following primers SAG1, 5’-3’ SAG2, altSAG, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico and CS3. It was possible to define the genotype from 9 isolates. According to ToxoDB seven isolates corresponded to genotype #65 and two isolates have not been described previously. The genetic analysis showed high diversity and variability. The virulence essays showed that the mortality rate in mice in seven isolates that presented tachyzoites, from the same genotype, detected high virulence in 4 isolates and intermediary virulence in 3. The morphometry analysis of the tachyzoites of these isolates showed statistical difference in at least one of the analyzed variables such as length or nuclei-apical complex distance. These phenotypic differences in isolates from the same genotype show the need to the continuity of the genetic characterization of the parasite using other primers which could be related to the isolated phenotype. The study demonstrated the importance of knowledge about the molecular epidemiology of T. gondii in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, which presents high rates of seroprevalence in hosts.

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