Estudo Experimental e Numérico Usando o Método SPH para a Simulação de Ressalto Hidráulico

Abstract

This research aimed to perform two-dimensional simulations for hydraulic jumps through a methodology that combined computational simulations with experimental validation. The simulations were developed using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a meshless Lagrangian method that enables analysis of flow dynamics. Hydraulic jumps were investigated in a horizontal rectangular channel with Froude numbers ranging between 3.8 and 6.3, corresponding to flow rates from 4.5 to 7.5 L/s. To validate the numerical results, experiments were conducted in a hydraulic channel employing instrumentation composed of ultrasonic sensors connected to Arduino platforms for free surface characterization, and an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) positioned upstream of the gate for measuring mean flow velocity. Experimental validation of SPH simulations resulted in velocity differences from 0.48% to 14.59% at the ADV position located upstream of the gate. Comparative analysis indicates that the SPH method demonstrated a tendency to produce higher velocity values compared to experimental measurements. For the free surface, Froude numbers lower than 5 (Fr=3.8 and Fr=4.6) indicated better experimental agreement, while Froude numbers greater than 5 (Fr=5.5 and Fr=6.3) resulted in more pronounced divergences. Although limitations related to computational cost and parameter calibration were identified, the results demonstrated that experimentally validated SPH simulations constitute a complementary tool to traditional empirical methods, enabling analyses of hydraulic jump behavior and supporting the design of hydraulic structures.