Sobre o problema do mal no mundo contemporâneo a partir do pensamento de Hannah Arendt

Abstract

This thesis proposes to investigate the problem of evil in today's world based on considerations by Hannah Arendt and her notions of radical evil and banality of evil. In addition, this research encompasses a series of philosophers, personalities, characters, reflections and episodes that can clarify the extreme proportions that evil can reach in certain political environments. It starts, therefore, from the analysis of what the thinking of Arendt can contribute to understand recent phenomena that involve the current political scenario, as well as reviewing the problem of evil throughout the thinking in the light of Immanuel Kant, responsible for conceiving the concept of evil radical resignified by Arendt in the context of the book The Origins of Totalitarianism. It also alludes the question of evil-by-evil, mentioned by Kant and Arendt, but never deepened in his own philosophies. The text also proposes to examine the meaning of radical evil in the aforementioned book as a system of human superfluity and to establish the possible reasons why Arendt no longer resorted to terminology, but speaks about banality of evil since the judgment of Adolf Eichmann in Israel in which it became clear to the author that the worst evil could be linked to a genuine inability to think. Finally, this thesis aims to understand what is the philosopher's reason to say that totalitarian crimes discover that there are crimes that cannot be punished because it is not possible to forgive because this is the element that persists in both nomenclatures and in which this statement is related to the fact that the international community considers crimes against humanity to be imprescriptible by nature, at any time or place.