Pele negra, máscaras brancas” na trajetória Frantz Fanon: um estudo histórico-crítico

Abstract

This work aims to identify the influence of Frantz Fanon’s social and individual moment in the production of his work Black skin, white masks. An analysis of the work was made, identifying the problem that motivated its writing and the theoretical and philosophical foundations articulated to compose it. The method we used was the Conceptual Text Interpretation Procedure, providing a basis for reading, analyzing, interpreting and systematizing the analyzed material. In our research, we identified how the author's life was marked by a moment of global changes that affected the lives of all humanity, the Second World War, responsible for weakening the great potentials of capitalism, which opened space for the strengthening of anti-colonial movements. The work was composed at a time in the author's life in which he was going through a great existential crisis due to the constant clashes of his blackness in the face of the racism of the French, a people until then considered brothers. Our research shows that the author used three theoretical and philosophical foundations as a basis to articulate his problem: psychoanalysis, existentialism and Marxist and Hegelian dialectics, with a predominance of existentialism. These foundations were worked on by Fanon in an unorthodox way, in a kind of bricolage, at the same time that he formulated a critique of them, showing how the movement of the real, in the case of colonization, can alter the reality of the human being, making it necessary to also alter the theoretical and philosophical foundations for understanding this reality. We made a synthesis of the analysis made by Fanon organized in three axes: sociogenics, sociodiagnosis and prognosis. In it, we highlight how the author articulated his theoretical and philosophical foundations to think about the development of the individual, the way in which colonization influenced this development, modifying the individual's entire understanding of himself and the other; and also how he pointed to a possibility of getting out of the alienating and traumatic situation created by colonization.