Queimadas e Incêndios em Savanas: estudo comparativo entre Moçambique e Goiás – Brasil

Abstract

Burns and fires have been an event present in our society for hundreds of years, capable of causing the most diverse impacts. In uncontrolled and intense proportions, fire can be responsible for the destruction of extensive areas, causing adverse consequences at the environmental, economic and social level. Understanding how the origin of this event on the surface occurs is fundamental for appropriate mitigating measures to be taken and avoided tragedies. This research sought to investigate the differences between burning and fires that occur in the state of Goiás - Brazil and Mozambique, identifying singularities and similarities between the two, in relation to aspects such as environmental legislation, occurrence, frequency, and their behavior in relation to elements such as land use and coverage. The applied methodological procedures were based on the use of geotechnologies and their vast field of tool monitoring of the earth's surface, such as the Google Earth Engine platform. It was possible to find out that in years 2010 there was an increase in scientific productions about fire in savanic environments, especially in the United States of America (US), Australia, Brazil and South Africa. These are countries that often suffer from the occurrence of fire, with events of dimensions, severities and varying impacts, which corroborates the importance of conducting scientific studies as one of the instruments for proper fire management and mitigating deleterious impacts, either due excess or absence. In Mozambique and Brazil, countries that have healthy environments and where fire is present for thousands of years, it is noted that policies directed to the use of fire, burning and fires are relatively recent, and during their development trajectory it went from a more exclusive fire perspective to the idea of more integrated management. In both clippings studied, the fire occurs annually in considerable extensions, especially in the case of Mozambique, whose percentage of burnt area annually is higher than in Goiás. In these cases, issues such land cover and use are among the main aspects related to fire events, whether the type of vegetation or the adoption of practices and policies aimed at management. It is essential to understand that fire is not always harmful, and this will depend on several factors that go beyond simply burn or not burn. Fire is managed by different cultures for a long time, but in the current context, with intensification of anthropic actions, conversion of natural environments and climate change the fire regime tries to change, as well as its impacts. In this sense scientific research plays a key role for efficient fire management. This study is expected to assist in the process of fire management and management, when used by local managers