Migração e trabalho doméstico: trajetórias laborais de mulheres latino-americanas na Espanha
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2018-08-21
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Esta disertación tiene como objetivo analizar las trayectorias laborales de mujeres migrantes
latinoamericanas que viven en España y que trabajan o que ya han trabajado como
domésticas y cuidadoras. Partimos del supuesto de que la intersección entre el género, la
raza, la etnia y la clase social ocasionan la segregación de las mujeres migrantes en este
sector del mercado de trabajo español. Durante las últimas décadas ha ocurrido un
incremento de las migraciones de mujeres latinoamericanas hacia España, un fenómeno que responde a la división sexual e internacional del trabajo, donde los países del Norte demandan mano de obra femenina migrante de los países del Sur global para realizar los trabajos de reproducción que su población no está dispuesta a realizar. Como resultado de la división sexual del trabajo y de las desigualdades de género presentes en ambas sociedades – de origen y de destino – las mujeres son las principales encargadas por el trabajo doméstico y de cuidado, de manera que la mayoría de las migrantes son madres que dejan a sus hijos bajo el cuidado de otras mujeres en sus países de origen. Así, la migración supone enfrentar trabajos precarizados y mal pagos, lo que a su vez contribuye para que las migrantes pasen largos periodos de tiempo separadas de sus familias. Consecuentemente, la maternidad y el cuidado para con aquellos que se quedan pasa a ser ejercidos desde lejos, mediante la comunicación diaria por el teléfono y por internet y también a través del envío de remesas. Las dificultades económicas enfrentadas por su grupo familiar, la responsabilidad por el cuidado de los hijos y la busca por su autonomía individual constituyen, por lo tanto, los principales motivos de su migración.
This dissertation aims to analyze the labor trajectories of Latin American migrant women living in Spain who work or have already worked as domestic and caregivers. We start from the assumption that the intersection between gender, race, ethnicity and social class provokes the segregation of migrant women in the Spanish labor market. During the last decades there has been an increase in the Latin American female migration to Spain, a phenomenon that responds to the sexual and international division of labor, where the countries of the North demand migrant female workers from the countries of the global South to carry out the reproduction works that its population is not willing to perform. Because of the sexual division of labor and the gender inequalities present in both societies – of origin and destination – women are the main responsible for domestic work and care, so most of these migrants are mothers who leave their children under the care of other women in their countries of origin. Thus, migration means facing precarious jobs and poor payments, which in turn makes they spend long periods separated from their families. Consequently, there is the emergence of a new type of motherhood exercised at distance, through daily communication by telephone and online, and through the sending of remittances. The economic difficulties faced by their family group, their responsibility for the children’s care and the search for their individual autonomy are, therefore, the main reasons for their migration.
This dissertation aims to analyze the labor trajectories of Latin American migrant women living in Spain who work or have already worked as domestic and caregivers. We start from the assumption that the intersection between gender, race, ethnicity and social class provokes the segregation of migrant women in the Spanish labor market. During the last decades there has been an increase in the Latin American female migration to Spain, a phenomenon that responds to the sexual and international division of labor, where the countries of the North demand migrant female workers from the countries of the global South to carry out the reproduction works that its population is not willing to perform. Because of the sexual division of labor and the gender inequalities present in both societies – of origin and destination – women are the main responsible for domestic work and care, so most of these migrants are mothers who leave their children under the care of other women in their countries of origin. Thus, migration means facing precarious jobs and poor payments, which in turn makes they spend long periods separated from their families. Consequently, there is the emergence of a new type of motherhood exercised at distance, through daily communication by telephone and online, and through the sending of remittances. The economic difficulties faced by their family group, their responsibility for the children’s care and the search for their individual autonomy are, therefore, the main reasons for their migration.
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RODRIGUES, T. A. M. Migração e trabalho doméstico: trajetórias laborais de mulheres latino-americanas na Espanha. 2018. 157 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.