Aplicabilidade da ultrassonografia de alta frequência na avaliação de procedimentos estéticos faciais: revisão de escopo

Abstract

The growing demand for minimally invasive facial aesthetic procedures has expanded the use of injectable techniques in dentistry, while simultaneously intensifying concerns related to safety and the occurrence of complications, especially those of a vascular nature. In this context, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) has emerged as an imaging tool to improve the planning, execution, and monitoring of these procedures. This study aimed to map and synthesize the available scientific evidence on the applicability of HFUS in facial aesthetic procedures, encompassing its main clinical uses, methodological approaches, reported results and identify limitations regarding its implementation. A scoping review was conducted, in accordance with the PRISMAScR guidelines and the methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, with a protocol previously registered on the Open Science Framework platform. The search included electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, and Livivo), grey literature (Google Scholar and ProQuest), and manual reference searches, without restrictions on language or publication period. The results included 54 studies published between 2008 and 2025 encompassing randomized clinical trials, observational studies, case series and reports, and narrative reviews—demonstrating that high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is primarily used in three contexts: (1) pre- and post-procedure anatomical mapping; (2) real-time guidance during the administration of dermal fillers and botulinum toxin; and (3) the diagnosis and management of complications. Most studies reported greater accuracy in locating anatomical structures, a significant reduction in vascular complications, improved aesthetic outcomes, and greater clinical predictability compared to conventional non-guided techniques. Despite these benefits, significant barriers to HFUS implementation were identified, including the learning curve, equipment costs, increased clinical time, and the lack of standardized protocols. It is concluded that high-frequency ultrasound is a valuable tool for enhancing the safety, efficacy, and predictability of facial aesthetic procedures. However, more robust clinical studies, cost-effectiveness analyses, and initiatives aimed at protocol standardization and professional training are required to facilitate its routine incorporation into clinical practice.