Filosofia da natureza em os 120 dias de Sodoma: uma leitura da estética da destruição em Marquês de Sade

Abstract

Donatien-Alphonse François, the Marquis of Sade is one of the great names of the French libertine literature of the eighteenth century. He was a compulsive writer, being his bibliography characterized between diverse literary genres like novels, short stories, tales, and even theatrical plays. His texts were symptomatic, reflecting the problems and criticisms of his time. Sade criticized the absolutist political model in crisis of the French of the eighteenth century. The interference of religious morality and the Catholic Institution in this period, as well as criticism of a declining aristocracy. All this backed up by a philosophical thought, its philosophy of the nature, of materialistic influence. Sade links philosophical discourses with sexual practices in his texts, where everything is allowed and the imagination knows no bounds. And here, it Will be to the good marquis, this unique spirit, whether in his time or in the history of western thought, that we will look for in the present reflection, taking his work as object – about everything: the novel The 120 Days of Sodom – in order to understand how this author makes use of a destructive aesthetics, protected in the philosophy of nature, to propose a dechristianized social practice. To achieve this objective, contextual discussion of the eighteenth- century France Will be necessary, from Christian religious morality to materialistic philosophy. We Will also talk about the life and work of the marquis, as well as a study of the concept of literature, characterization of the novel, and the language of the grotesque, which is so used by Sade. Finally, we shall come to the analysis of the concept of aesthetics, and to think how Sade Will make of this aesthetic a destructive system, proposing a new social practice, exempt from a religious morality.