Simulação da razão de carga de múons atmosféricos utilizando o CORSIKA
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2023-10-18
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The muon charge ratio, $R_{\mu} = N_{\mu^{+}}/N_{\mu^{-}}$, is a quantity that can be measured both at at different altitude levels from Earth's surface and in underground experiments. The muons result from the hadronic interactions developed in extensive air showers (EAS) created from the interaction of cosmic rays with nuclei in the atmosphere. The muon charge ratio allows obtaining important information both from the point of view of physics involving cosmic rays, and from the study of the ratio between neutrinos and antineutrinos, $\nu/\bar{\nu}$, since their production is directly connected to the muons. The present work is a study using Monte Carlo simulations of EAS produced by cosmic rays with energy between 100 and $10^{6}$ GeV generated by CORSIKA, using the high energy hadronic interaction models: QGSJETII-04, EPOS -LHC, DPMJET III, SYBILL 2.3c, VENUS and QGSJET01-C. EAS were simulated separately with protons as primaries and He nuclei, and these datasets were combined in the performed analyses. Simulations aimed to verify which one of these hadronic interaction models are able to reproduce the expected behavior for the energies involved considering the increase of $R_{\mu}$ due to the contribution of the kaons to the EAS. It was observed that, to the set formed by protons and He nuclei, with the exception of DPMJET, the other models reproduce an increase in $R_{\mu}$ as a function of the energy of the muons on the surface $E_{\mu }\cos\theta^{*}$. However, when compared to the data obtained in the MINOS, OPERA and CMS experiments, the results, in general, does not reproduce the increase in $R_{\mu}$. Our results show that it would be useful to improve these models so that they can reproduce the expected behavior of the muon charge ratio.
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PAULO JUNIOR, A. Simulação da razão de carga de múons atmosféricos utilizando o CORSIKA. 2023. 157 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2023.