Implementação de medidas de compliance no setor público e desempenho financeiro: um estudo sobre o Estado de Goiás

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between the adoption of Public Compliance Programs (PCP) and the economic-financial performance of state public agencies in Goiás. Given the growing relevance of governance and compliance policies in public administration, the study seeks to examine the relationship between the implementation of the Public Compliance Program (PCP) in Goiás and the economic-financial performance of the state's public agencies. The methodology used was quantitative in nature, involving panel data analysis of 33 state public agencies over an eight-year period, from 2016 to 2023. The dependent variables analyzed included Financial Surplus (FS), Revenue Performance (RP), Executed Expenditure in Relation to Budgeted Expenditure (EEBE), and the Additional Credits Indicator (ACI). To this end, econometric regression models were applied, with tests such as Chow, Breusch-Pagan, and Hausman to determine the most appropriate approach, whether through fixed effects or pooled models. In the EEBE model, a positive and significant relationship was identified between the PCP and budget execution efficiency, indicating that the adoption of compliance practices can contribute to better governance, allowing agencies to align their planned expenditures more accurately with their executed expenditures. This finding is consistent with the literature, which highlights the benefits of improved governance through regulatory compliance. However, in the models analyzing FS and RP, the results did not show significant coefficients for the PCP, suggesting that other factors not captured by the models may be influencing these areas of financial performance. In contrast, the ACI model results highlighted the importance of the Operational Cash Position (OCP), demonstrating that efficient cash control can reduce the need for additional credits, reflecting greater budget efficiency. Based on the presented results, it is suggested that the Public Compliance Program has the potential to contribute to improving budget efficiency and governance in public agencies, although its impact on financial performance varies depending on the analyzed aspect. While some areas, such as budget execution, showed positive results, others, such as financial surplus and revenue collection, still require deeper investigation to understand the role of compliance. It is recommended that future research incorporate qualitative variables, such as the perception of public managers, and extend the analysis period to capture possible long-term effects, providing a more comprehensive view of the impact of the PCP in public administration. The relevance of this investigation lies in understanding how the implementation of compliance measures can strengthen efficiency, governance, and transparency in public resource management, especially in crisis contexts, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.