Simulações computacionais de escoamentos sobre pás de turbinas eólicas de eixo vertical utilizando em conjunto os métodos pseudoespectral de Fourier e o da fronteira imersa
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2023-02-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Changes in climate behavior over the years, accompanied by a strong increase in energy demand
by countries around the world, have led authorities and researchers to improve the search
for renewable, clean energy sources with low environmental impact. The development of vertical
axis wind turbines is an assertive and efficient option, especially in places with low wind
speeds and unavailability of large spaces. Then, the present work presents and analyzes the
main fluid dynamic aspects related to vertical axis wind turbines. The objective is to investigate
and estimate the performance parameters, as well as to evaluate the flow dynamics on these
machines. For this, it is proposed to verify the applicability of the IMERSPEC methodology,
responsible for numerical and computational modeling of these flows. It is a high-order convergence
methodology with low computational cost, when compared to other high-order methodologies,
resulting from the coupling of the Fourier pseudospectral method and the immersed
boundary method. The imposition of the rotational movement on the turbine blades is guaranteed
by a specific subroutine, implemented from a mathematical model, developed and presented
in the present work. This subroutine, added to the computational platform together with
the IMERSPEC methodology, contemplates the fluid-structure interaction between the turbine
and the flow, allowing the estimation of performance coefficients, such as power, torque, normal
force, tangential force, lift force and drag force. Initially, to validate the proposed methodology,
two-dimensional flow simulations are carried out on a NACA 0012 airfoil for a Reynolds number
equal to 1000. From the proposed numerical simulations, convergence and good agreement of
the results presented in relation to the reference works are obtained. The behavior of the flow
over the airfoil and the different modes of formation of the wakes are evaluated by the fields of
velocity, pressure and vorticity, as a function of the angle of attack. Furthemore, to verify the
accuracy and potentiality of the IMERSPEC methodology, an analysis is performed, therefore,
for fluid dynamic problems in vertical axis turbines, still two-dimensional. The solidity of the
turbine is investigated through the simulation of flows over turbines with one and three blades,
composed by the airfoil NACA 0015. It also presents the influence of increasing the Reynolds
number, between 100 and 1000, for flows over turbines of a single blade. In general, the results
presented guarantee, with reliability and physical coherence, the applicability of the methodology
in two-dimensional flows of this type.
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Citação
MONTEIRO, L. M. Simulações computacionais de escoamentos sobre pás de turbinas eólicas de eixo vertical utilizando em conjunto os métodos pseudoespectral de Fourier e o da fronteira imersa. 2023. 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2023.