"Elas não querem ser vistas como musas, mas sim como craques": conquistas e desafios do futebol feminino em Goiás

Abstract

During the government of Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945) and the military dictatorship (1964- 1985), decrees were issued preventing women from practicing certain sports, including the sport with the greatest national appeal: soccer. The main reasons given were that it hurt what was considered to be "female nature" and the possibility of damaging reproduction, arguing that such a sport was too violent and could make women "masculinized" or make it impossible to fertilize due to a possible injury. In 1979, women's soccer was banned in the country and the return of women to the sport would have to break down barriers that permeated the social imagination before and during the ban. Only in the last decade has greater attention been paid to the sport, with measures being established to professionalize and improve the scenario of women's soccer in Brazil. One of these was the institutionalization, in 2019, of the mandatory association or construction of a women's soccer department by the men's soccer clubs in series A of the Brazilian Championship. In this sense, this work aims to provide knowledge about the conditions of gender equality in soccer, more specifically in Goiás soccer, brought about by this measure, in order to identify its limits and its potential. This is a sociological, exploratory ethnographic study of women's soccer in Goiás, between the periods before and after this regulation. Field research was carried out on the Goiás Esporte Clube women's soccer team, in partnership with Aliança, which was taking part in the 2023 Men's Brazilian Championship and which, since its return to the A series of this championship, has had to build or associate a team of players in order to comply with the requirement. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out, supported by the hermeneutic-dialectic analytical method proposed by Minayo. Finally, this research aimed to elucidate how the scenario of women's soccer has changed over the years and how the obligation has influenced these transformations, making a historical comparison together with the experience of the players and managers working at the aforementioned club.