O papel dos rearranjos de drenagem para a evolução geomorfológica da Serra da Mantiqueira

Abstract

Drainage rearrangements constitute fundamental processes in the evolution of fluvial systems and continental relief, being characterized by the total or partial transfer of areas and flows between drainage basins over geological time. Inserted within the morphotectonic context of the Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil (RCSB), the Serra da Mantiqueira presents particularly favorable conditions for the occurrence of these processes, due to relief compartmentalization, the presence of escarpments, distinct planaltic steps, and a geologically active substrate. In this context, the present dissertation aims to analyze drainage rearrangement processes in the upper Serra da Mantiqueira through an integrated geomorphological approach combining morphological and morphometric analyses with evolutionary interpretation of the relief. The research was developed in five methodological stages, including a literature review, geomorphological and hydrographic mapping, selection of key areas based on rearrangement indicators, fieldwork, and data analysis and processing in a GIS environment. The results, presented in two scientific articles, reveal a high diversity and recurrence of landforms associated with drainage rearrangements, such as capture elbows, low divides, dry and oversized valleys, barbed drainages, knickpoints, and knickzones. The integrated analysis demonstrates that drainage rearrangements in the Serra da Mantiqueira operate across multiple spatial and temporal scales, reflecting both the erosive advance of rift-associated basins over the adjacent plateau and disputes between reverseslope basins controlled by zones of structural weakness. It is observed that the entire hydrographic network, including the escarpment retreat of the Serra da Mantiqueira, evolves primarily through drainage rearrangement processes. Therefore, it is concluded that these processes play a central role in regional geomorphological evolution, constituting fundamental mechanisms in the evolution of the regional landscape.