O uso da água em Goiás, potencialidade, demanda para irrigação por pivôs centrais e perspectivas
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2017-03-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
In this paper, an analysis of expansion of central pivots irrigation in the estate
of Goiás from 1984 to 2015 was performed, with the objective of identifying the
conditioning factors of this occupation process and its relation with the water
compromise in the study area. For this, images obtained by Landsat satellite sensors
and Government data were used to map these facilities. In order to define the water
compromise, we also mapped the existing equipment in the Distrito Federal. In
addition, was used as reference the Medium Long Term Flow (QMLT), generating a
scenario of maximum hydrological potential. As final phase, was performed the
analysis of the commitment in catchment basins for public supply, having as a
reference the max water right capacity. The state had 3,489 facilities covering an
irrigated area of 242,128 hectares in 2015. There was a clear pattern of distribution of
irrigation pivots within the state, 60% of existing equipment are located on flat relief
terrain with latosols and as close as 10 kilometers of a paved highway. This technique
is consolidated in Goiás and tends to expand in the coming years, being a gradual and
continuous expansion that facilitates long-term water resource management action.
The mapped equipment is located in mid-priced land areas, more distant from the
major urban centers, however with the required infrastructure for the production
distribution. The area of study (Goiás and Distrito Federal) presented an average water
availability in the order of 17 l.s-1
(km²)-1 with a maximum around 32 l.s-1
(km²)-1 and a
minimum around 9 l.s-1
(km²)-1
. This availability is distributed in a heterogeneous
manner, with the largest flows being in the south of the state of Goiás. The annual
surface hydrological potential in the study area is of the order of 178 km³.year-1
. For
the state of Goiás, this potential is around 175 km³.year-1 and for the Distrito Federal
is approximately 2.5 km³.year-1. The hydrographic region that presented the highest
potential volume was the Corumbá, Verissimo and São Marcos rivers, with an offer of
the order of 26 km³.-1, a volume that represents about 15% of the total. The average
volume required for irrigation by central pivots was 4,800 m³.year-1
.ha-1
, ranging from
about 3,800 m³.year-1 ha-1 in the south to around 8,000 m³.year-1.ha -1 in the
northeast of Goiás; Resulting in a demand of 1.23 km³-year, with reference to the year
2015. About 68,857 (85%) of the segments analyzed do not present any interference
generated by this irrigation sector. This technique also does not present itself as a
factor of pressure on the pumping for human supply (using the methodology adopted
for granting in Goiás) since only one hydrographic basin presented demand superior
to QMLT.
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Citação
PEREIRA JÚNIOR, L. C. O uso da água em Goiás, potencialidade, demanda para irrigação por pivôs centrais e perspectivas. 2017. 94 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.