Uso de microrganismos multifuncionais na cultura do feijoeiro
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2021-02-23
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Common beans are a product with high economic and social importance in Brazil from the food point of view. Currently, the challenge is to reduce the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, seeking more sustainable production with social, environmental and economic gains. In this regard, the use of biotechnological alternatives such as multifunctional microorganisms (MM) are considered an option for improving agricultural practices. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of the use of multifunctional microorganisms, isolated or in mixture, in gas exchange, production of shoots, root and total biomass, accumulation of nutrients in the shoots, roots and grains, components of grain production and productivity in common bean culture. Two experiments were carried out under controlled conditions (greenhouse), in the first and second half of 2019. In both experiments, the experimental design was completely randomized, with 26 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of the application of MM and their combinations in pairs, with nine rhizobacteria isolated BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301 (Bacillus sp.), BRM 32111 and BRM 32112 (Pseudomonas sp.), BRM 32113 (Burkholderia sp.), BRM 32114 (Serratia sp.), 1381 (Azospirillum sp.) And Ab-V5 (Azospirillum brasilense), a T-26 edaphic fungal isolate (Trichoderma koningiopsis) and a control (without MM). These MM were applied in three moments: microbiolization of the seeds, watering of the soil seven days after sowing (DAS) and spraying of the plants 21 DAS. The difference between the experiments was the common bean cultivar used, BRS Uai in the first and BRS FC 402 in the second. Based on the results, it can be inferred that some of the tested microorganisms, applied alone or in combination, provided significant increases in gas exchange, production of shoot, root and total biomass, accumulation of nutrients and grain yield in the common bean crop. In the first experiment, isolates 1301 and T-26, in addition to the combinations Ab-V5 + T-26, BRM 32114 + BRM 32110 and 1381 + T-26 provided better results, since they allowed a 36.5% increase in grain production , higher biomass accumulation (78.0%) and higher N, P and K content (42.6; 67.8 and 25.7%, respectively) in the shoot of common beans. In the second experiment, the isolates Ab-V5 and BRM 32112, in addition to the combinations BRM 32114 + T-26, 1301 + BRM 32110 and BRM 32114 + BRM 32110 were the outstanding treatments, providing increases in gas exchange (stomatal conductance - 79, 1% and transpiration - 10.0%), in the content of macronutrients (N - 63.3% and P - 56.7%, in the shoots and P - 42.7%, in the roots) and in the agronomic performance, providing twice the grain yield. Therefore, the results allow to infer that the use of MMs is a good strategy to provide increases in the yield of common bean grains. However, studies must be carried out in the field to confirm the good results obtained under controlled conditions.
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REZENDE, C. C. Uso de microrganismos multifuncionais na cultura do feijoeiro. 2021. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2021.