Modelos de simulação e controle preditivo generalizado de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede

Abstract

After the Second Industrial Revolution, the electric energy became an essential item for the world population. Beyond the environmental impacts caused by polluting energy sources, the awareness of clean energy generation has been growing worldwide. In this way, renewable and clean energy sources gain prominence in relation to traditional dirty energy sources. Photovoltaic systems can help to reduce the energy consumption at the consumer units in which they are deployed and it can contribute to reducing the energy demand provided by the utility power grid. Thus, the objective of this work is to provide modeling, simulation and control methods for photovoltaic systems in order to assist the photovoltaic systems projects, to analyze the quality of the energy produced, the impacts that these systems cause on the distribution network and to perform the control of power generation of photovoltaic systems. It is proposed to develop optimization and analytical methods for the estimation of the parameters of the single diode model. The estimation of the parameters is performed to improve the modeling of a photovoltaic module and, consequently, its performance in the generation of energy. Then, simulations of grid-connected photovoltaic systems are proposed with the purpose of analyzing the impacts that the photovoltaic energy generation implies on the consumer loads and on the distribution network. Finally, it is proposed a method of energy flow control in a system consisting of photovoltaic system and energy storage system, in order to reduce the energy consumed from the utility grid. The energy flows in this electric system with energy storage system (hybrid system) can be combined to provide power for a load or inject power into the distribution network. The results presented show the benefits of the estimation of parameters of a photovoltaic module in terms of power generation. The results of the simulations show the impacts of photovoltaic systems for the consumer who installed the system and for the utility to design its energy distribution networks in medium and long-term. The results of the controller present the optimization achieved through the control of hybrid energy systems, reducing the costs of the energy consumption of a load and making the most efficient use of the energy storage system.