Consumo alimentar e adenocarcinoma gástrico: um enfoque epidemiológico em Goiás

Abstract

Background: The dietary profile of people from Goiás is characterized by unhealthy food choices. Little is known about the influence of diet and gastric adenocarcinoma. Method: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between the dietary intake of gastric adenocarcinoma (AdG) cases and controls in Goiânia between March 2019 and September 2024. The dietary patterns of AdG cases and controls were identified by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The associations between dietary intake and AdG were verified by binary logistic regression analysis, which was used to estimate the odds ratios between the consumption of processed meats and AdG. All tests considered a significant level of 5%. Results: The main dietary pattern of AdG cases was healthy. Among cases and endoscopic controls, consumption of processed meats equal to or greater than 16 g/day increased the odds of AdG when compared to those with lower consumption (OR 3.16, 95% CI: 1.67; 5.96). Among cases and hospital controls, no increased odds of AdG were observed (OR 1.17, 95% CI: 0.62; 2.20). Conclusion: The healthy dietary pattern of AdG cases is not a determinant of gastric carcinogenesis. Consumption equal to or greater than 16 g/day of processed meat can be considered a risk factor for AdG. These findings have important implications for public health; a better understanding of diet-related risk factors for AdG can be considered in the design of effective and low-cost programs to improve the prevention of this neoplasia, especially in individuals undergoing endoscopy.