As primeiras décadas da construção de Goiânia: a transição da categoria de rural para urbano dos imóveis adquiridos pelo Estado de Goiás

Abstract

In the 1930s, Brazil underwent major transformations, driven by several factors, such as: the change in the political scenario, following the establishment of the Estado Novo, with the loss of political power by the oligarchies; the nationalist proposal to occupy and populate the empty territories of the “backlands”, through the government program called “March to the West”; the change in the economic environment resulting from the crash of the New York Stock Exchange (1929), implying a decrease in exports of coffee, Brazil’s main product, reflecting the impoverishment of the country, with consequences in the decrease of imports, which served as a stimulus for the beginning of the national industrialization process; and the change in the cultural and social environment through the modernist movement and the inauguration of urbanism. In this environment, the state of Goiás, governed by the federal interventor Pedro Ludovico Teixeira, decided to transfer the capital to a place that would positively facilitate the combination of all the effects of the political, social, cultural and economic rupture experienced at the time. The choice of the location for the new capital took into account, among other requirements, the existence of arable land that could be used to supply the new city. The pilot project for the construction of the new capital, even after the first modification, contemplated the allocation of part of the acquired land for agricultural activities. Some administrative acts and normative diplomas, which dealt with the issue related to the establishment of the new capital, mentioned the reservation of land and its allocation for the development of rural activities. The occupation of the space destined for the new capital occurred differently than anticipated and desired by the designer and the state government. The disorganization of the territorial occupation of a border city and the strength of capital determined the sacrifice of the space intended for rural activities. The national legislation in force at the time the construction of the new capital began did not provide for the means of transforming rural space into urban space. For a long time, the state government acted freely in modifying the space, without the participation of the municipalities of Campinas and Goiânia, even after the first changes in national legislation on the division of rural and urban lands, dividing the lands and changing their vocation as it pleased, in response to social pressures, for the regularization of occupations, and economic pressures, to serve real estate capital. The study on the subject, of a qualitative and descriptive nature, aims to analyze the facts and acts with legal repercussions known through bibliographical research and compare them with the legislation in force between the 1930s and 1960s to indicate the validity of the state's action in the division of rural lands and their transformation into urban lands (dialectical method). The results of the research will be presented in chapters that will discuss the phases of conception, implementation, occupation, division of the space destined for the new capital and, finally, the legal validity of the transformation of rural lands into urban lands.