Estudos hidrológicos aplicados para avaliação de secas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Meia Ponte
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2024-09-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The objective of this study was to verify the influence of land use, water use, and climate
change, with alterations in precipitation on minimum flows, over time, and to assess
droughts, in the Meia Ponte River Watershed. Hydrological data from stations located
in the basin, pertaining to the National Hydrometeorological Network and the National
Institute of Meteorology (INMET), were used. For the analysis of minimum flows, a
physical and socioeconomic characterization of the basin was conducted, along with
statistical analyses and flow simulations using the HYMOD hydrological model. In the
drought assessment, three drought indices were utilized: Standardized Precipitation
Index (SPI), Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI), and Standardized PrecipitationEvapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The results indicated significant changes in land use
in the Meia Ponte River Watershed over time, primarily due to the increase in urbanized
areas and areas with irrigated agriculture. In addition to reduced precipitation and
increased temperatures, this set of factors may have contributed to the decline in
minimum flows in the basin over the years. The statistical analyses applied to flows and
precipitation showed that most of the stations are non-stationary, non-homogeneous,
and dependent, likely due to these anthropogenic changes. Modeling allowed for the
estimation of flows for the last 20 years, with observed flows falling below the simulated
flows, particularly from 2015 to 2021, when daily values remained below the reference
flows Q95 and Q7,10. The drought assessment using drought indices and simulated flows
with the hydrological model identified the driest years in the historical series, revealing
periods of meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and even socioeconomic droughts
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MELO, Denise Christina de Rezende. Estudos hidrológicos aplicados para avaliação de secas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Meia Ponte. 2024. 183 f. Dissetação (Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária) - Escola de Engenharia Civil, Ambiental, da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2024.